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Post TAV I IDC School > GU Lady Parts > Flashcards

GU Lady Parts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the female reproductive system

A

Includes the ovaries, the uterine tubes, the uterus, vagina, and external organs which are collectively called the vulva

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2
Q

What is another name for the vulva

A

The pudendum

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3
Q

What is another name for the uterine tubes

A

The fallopian tubes or oviducts

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4
Q

What are also considered part of the female reproductive system

A

The mammary glands

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5
Q

What produces secondary oocytes and hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, inhibit and relaxin

A

The ovaries (egg receptacles)

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6
Q

What are secondary oocytes

A

Cells that develop into mature ova or eggs

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7
Q

What is germinal epithelium

A

A layer of simple epithelium (low cuboidal or squamous) that covers the surface of the ovary

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8
Q

Each ovarian follicle (folliculus little bag) consist of what

A

An oocyte and a variable number of surrounding cells that nourish the developing oocyte and begin to secrete estrogens as the follicle grows larger

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9
Q

The follicle enlarges until when

A

It is a mature (graafian) follicle,a large, fluid-filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a secondary oocyte

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10
Q

The remnants of the ovulated follicle develops into what

A

A corpus luteum

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11
Q

What does the corpus luteum (yellow body) produce

A

Produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin and inhibit until it degenerates and turns into fibrous tissue called CORPUS ALBICANS (white body)

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12
Q

The ovarian medulla is a region deep to the ovarian cortex that consists of what

A

Loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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13
Q

Where is the usual site of fertilization of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell

A

In the uterine tube

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14
Q

Fertilization may occur any time up to about how long

A

24 hours after ovulation

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15
Q

The fertilized ovum is also known as what

A

Zygote

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16
Q

The zygote descends into the uterus within how long

A

Wishing 7 days.

Underutilized secondary oocytes disintegrate

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17
Q

Parts of the uterus include the dome shaped portion superior to to the uterine tubes called what

A

The fundus
The tapering central portion called the body
The narrow portion opening into the vagina called the cervix

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18
Q

What is the interior of the body of the uterus called

A

The uterine cavity

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19
Q

What is the myometrium

A

The middle muscular layer of the uterus which consists of smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall

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20
Q

During childbirth, coordinated contractions of uterine muscles help expel what

A

The fetus

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21
Q

What is the endometrium

A

The inner most part of the uterine wall and is a mucous membrane. It nourishes a growing fetus or sheds monthly during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.

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22
Q

What is the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse, the outlet for menstrual flow and is the passageway for childbirth

A

The vagina

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23
Q

What is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair, which cushions the pubic symphysis

A

The mons pubis

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24
Q

What does the labia majora contain

A

Adipose tissue and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

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25
Q

What does NOT contain pubic hair or fat and have few sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A

The labia minora; which DOES contain numerous sebaceous (oil) glands

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26
Q

What are mammary glands

A

Modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk - located in the breasts

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27
Q

Each mammary gland consist of how many lobes

A

15-20 lobes - arranged radially and separated by adipose tissue and strands of connective tissue

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28
Q

What are the strands of connective tissue in the mammary glands called

A

Suspensions ligaments of the breast (Cooper’s ligaments), which support the breast

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29
Q

What hormone largely stimulates milk production

A

Prolactin (from the anterior pituitary)

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30
Q

The ejection of milk is stimulated by what

A

Oxytocin (released from the posterior pituitary)

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31
Q

What is oogenesis

A

The formation and development of gametes in females

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32
Q

What is secreted by the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

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33
Q

What does GnRH stimulate the release of

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.

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34
Q

What initiates follicular growth and the secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles

A

FSH

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35
Q

What stimulates the further development of ovarian follicles and their full secretion of estrogens

A

LH

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36
Q

What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle

A

24 to 36 days (we assume duration of 28 days)

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37
Q

What are the phases of the female reproductive cycle (in order)

A

Menstrual phase
The pre-ovulatory phase
Ovulation
Post-ovulatory phase

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38
Q

What occurs during the menstrual phase in the ovaries

A

Several ovarian follicles grow and enlarge

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39
Q

What events take place in the uterus during the menstrual phase

A

Menstrual flow from the uterus consists of 50 ml -150 ml of blood and tissue cells from the endometrium

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40
Q

What is the pre-ovulatory phase

A

The time between the end of menstruation and ovulation

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41
Q

What is the time frame of the pre-ovulatory phase

A

It lasts from days 6 to 13 in a 28 day cycle

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42
Q

What events take place in the ovaries during the pre-ovulatory phase

A

Under the influence of FSH, several follicles continue to grow and begin to secrete estrogens and inhibin; by about day 6, a single follicle in one of the two ovaries has outgrown all the others to become the dominant follicle

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43
Q

What events occur in the uterus during the pre-ovulatory phase

A

Estrogens liberated into the blood by growing ovarian follicles stimulate the repair of the endometrium

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44
Q

What is ovulation

A

The rupture of the mature (graafin) follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity

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45
Q

When does ovulation typically occur

A

On day 14 in a 28 day cycle

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46
Q

What is the post-ovulatory phase

A

The time between ovulation and onset of the next menstruation

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47
Q

What phase is the most constant in duration and lasts for 14 days (from day 15 to day 28 in a 28 day cycle)

A

Post-ovulatory phase

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48
Q

Stimulated by LH, the remaining follicular cells enlarge and form what

A

The corpus luteum - which secretes progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, and relaxin

With reference to the ovarian cycle, this phase is also called the literal phase

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49
Q

What happens if the oocyte is not fertilized

A

The corpus luteum only lasts for two weeks

50
Q

What happens if the secondary oocyte is fertilized and begins to divide

A

The corpus luteum persists past its normal two week life-span

51
Q

What specific information is being collected from a female during the HPI

A

Any abnormal bleeding, pain, vaginal discharge, premenstrual sx complaints, menopausal sx complaints, infertility, urinary sx

52
Q

What specific complaints need to be looked into for complaints of pain

A

Temporal sequence and character, associated sx, aggravating and relieving factors, medications

53
Q

What should be further looked into for a females with c/c of vaginal discharge

A

The character and occurrence, douching practices, clothing habits, sexual history and associated sx

54
Q

What should be further evaluated for patients with premenstrual symptom complaints

A

The symptoms, frequency, if there is interference with activities and what current relief measures are

55
Q

What should be further evaluated for menopausal symptom complaints

A

Age of menopause, symptoms, post menopausal bleeding, general feelings, the mother’s experience, birth control methods and medications

56
Q

What should be further evaluated for infertility

A

Length of time attempting pregnancy, vaginal abnormalities, contributing factors, partner factors and diagnostic evaluation

57
Q

What should be further evaluated for urinary symptoms

A

Acute or chronic characteristics, description of urine, associated symptoms and medications

58
Q

What should be further evaluated for menstrual history

A

Age of menarche, dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding or pain, and premenstrual bleeding

59
Q

What should be further evaluated for obstetric history

A

Gravidity, parity, spontaneous or induced abortions

60
Q

What should be further evaluated for gynecological history

A

Pap smears and result history, STI’s, and vaginal infections

61
Q

What should be further evaluated in family history

A

History of diabetes, cancer of reproductive organs, and congenital anomalies

62
Q

What should be further evaluated for cleansing routines

A

Use of sprays, powders, perfume, antiseptic soap, deodorants, or ointments

63
Q

What should be further evaluated for contraceptive history

A

Current and previous contraceptive methods, and duration of use

64
Q

What should be further evaluated for douching history

A

Frequency, method and solution used, and reason for douching

65
Q

What should be further evaluated in sexual history

A

Current or previous treated STI’s

66
Q

What should be further evaluated for care history

A

Prescription, OTC or street drugs

67
Q

What should be further evaluated for infants and children

A

Character of blood if present, age of mother at menarche, suspicion of sexual abuse, pain and vaginal discharge

68
Q

What should be further evaluated in adolescents

A

Ask the same questions you would ask an adult woman

69
Q

What should be further evaluated in pregnant women

A

Expected date of delivery(EDD), previous obstetric history, previous birth history, menstrual history, surgical history, family history

70
Q

What should be further evaluated in older adults

A

Age of menopause, menopausal and post menopausal symptoms

71
Q

The external genitalia consists of what

A

The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular glands, vaginal vestibule, vaginal orifice, and urethral opening

72
Q

What is divided anatomically into the corpus and cervix

A

The uterus

73
Q

What extends from the isthmus into the vagina

A

The cervix

The uterus opens into the vagina via the external cervical os

74
Q

What is composed of the Fallopian tubes and ovaries

A

The adnexa

Contractions of the tubal musculature move ovum into the uterus

75
Q

What do ovaries secrete

A

Estrogen and progesterone

76
Q

The internal genitalia are supported by what

A

The cardinal, uterosacral, round, and broad ligaments

77
Q

The pelvis id formed by what bones

A

Two innominate (each consisting if ilium, ischium, and pubis)
The sacrum
And the coccyx

78
Q

What are the four pelvic joints

A

The symphysis pubis, the sacrococcygeal, and the two sacroiliac joints

79
Q

What occurs in adolescents during puberty

A

Vaginal secretions increase and become acidic

80
Q

What occurs when the uterine pressure obstructs lymph and blood flow

A

Chadwick sign - the cervix becomes bluish, and vaginal secretions increase during pregnancy

81
Q

What is the traditional position for conducting a pelvic exam

A

Lithotomy pelvic examination position

82
Q

What are the alternative positions for the pelvic examination

A

A disabled woman is the best judge of which position will work for her
Diamond-shaped position
Obstetric stirrups position
M-shaped
V-shaped
Women with sensory impairment may elevate the head of the table

83
Q

What is Piskacek sign

A

The uterus deviated at 8 to 10 weeks of gestation

84
Q

What usually begins in a woman’s late 20’s, with sx of edema, headache, weight gain, behavioral disturbances such as irritability, nervousness, dysphasia and lack of coordination. Sx occur 5-7 days

A

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

85
Q

What is the inability to conceive over a period of 1 year of unprotected regular intercourse

A

Infertility

86
Q

What is the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causes pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and heavy or prolonged menstrual flow

A

Endometriosis

87
Q

What are warty lesions on the labia within the vestibule as a result from HPV that may form cauliflower-like masses

A

Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts)

88
Q

What is a benign skin infection caused by pox virus and requires incubation period of 2 to 7 weeks

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

89
Q

What causes lesions of secondary syphilis that appears about 6-12 weeks after infection

A

Condyloma latum

90
Q

What is a firm, PAINLESS ulcer

A

Syphilitic chancre (Primary syphilis)

91
Q

What is an STI that produces small red vesicles

A

Herpes lesions

92
Q

What is an acute inflammation that produces hot, red, tender, fluctuations swelling that may drain pus

A

Inflammation of Bartholin gland

93
Q

What is chronic inflammation that results in a non tender cyst on the labium

A

Inflammation of Bartholin gland

94
Q

What is a hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder

A

Cystocele

95
Q

What is a hernial protrusion of part of the rectum

A

Rectocele

96
Q

How does carcinoma present in/on the vagina

A

Vaginal discharge, lesions, masses/ cancer of the vulva will appear as ulcerated or raised red lesions on the vulva

97
Q

What is a urethral carbuncle

A

A bright red polypoid growth that protrudes from the urethral meatus

98
Q

What will present with water discharge and no foul smell with dysuria and frothy, greenish discharge

A

Trichomoniasis

99
Q

What will present with purple to discharge from cervix, scene/Bartholin inflammation

A

Gonorrhea

100
Q

What will present with thin, white or gray discharge and a positive KOH with clue cells

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

101
Q

What is an infected nabothian cysts

A

Enlarged fluid-filled retention cysts that vary in size

102
Q

What are bright red, soft and fragile that arise from the endocervical canal

A

Cervical polyps

103
Q

What appear as shiny red tissue around the os that may bleed easily

A

Columnar epithelium

104
Q

What is a result of weakening of the supporting structures of the pelvic floor, often occurring with a cystocele or rectocele

A

Uterine prolapsed

105
Q

What are common, benign, uterine tumors that appear as firm, irregular nodules in the contour of the uterus

A

Myomas

106
Q

What are growths that can occur unilaterally or bilaterally and present with smooth cysts

A

Ovarian cysts

107
Q

What is a tender, UNILATERAL adnexal mass that may indicate the site of pregnancy and is a surgical emergency

A

Ruptured tubal pregnancy (ectopic)

108
Q

What is often caused by gonococcal and chlamydial infection that may be chronic or acute

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Acute PID produces very tender BILATERAL a decal areas and fixed adnexal areas

109
Q

What is inflammation or infection of the Fallopian tube and associated with PID

A

Salpingitis

110
Q

What are the five D’s related to the nipples

A

Discharge, depression or inversion, discoloration, dermatologic changes, deviation

111
Q

What are benign cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement and associated with a long follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Fibrocystic changes

112
Q

What are benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyper plastic or proliferative process

A

Fibroadenoma

113
Q

Who has peak incidences between ages 40 and 75 normally occurring in women older than 50 years old and marked asymmetry of the breast

A

Malignant breast tumors

114
Q

What is fat necrosis

A

A response to local injury; a firm, irregular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration

115
Q

What are benign 2 to 3 cm tumors of the subareolar ducts that occur singly or in multiples

A

Intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis

116
Q

What is paget disease

A

A surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma; appears red, scaling, crusty patch forms on the nipple, Arellano and surrounding skin

117
Q

What is gynecomastia

A

A smooth, firm, mobile, tender disk of breast tissue located behind the areola in males (hormone imbalance)

118
Q

What is inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the areola

A

Retention cysts

119
Q

What is lactation not associated with childbearing and most commonly caused by pituitary tumors

A

Galactorrhea

120
Q

What is inflammation and infection of the breast tissue characterized by sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, erythema and heat

A

Mastitis (usually result of staph infection)

121
Q

What is mammary duct ectasia

A

When the subareolar ducts become blocked with desquamating secretory epithelium, necrotic debris, and chronic inflammatory cells (most commonly in menopausal women)

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