GU Review Flashcards
(205 cards)
What dx would you think if a pt presented with microscopic hematuria?
Nephrolithiasis
What 5 sxs would indicate that a pt with nephrolithiasis needs to be admitted to the hospital?
- Concomitant obstruction and infxn
- Intractable vomiting
- Uncontrollable pain
- Urinary extravasation
- Hypercalcemic crisis
What is the MC type of bladder cancer?
Transitional cell carcinoma
What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
- Cigarette smoking
- Industrial (aniline) dye
What is the MC type of prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
- Age
- AA
- High fat diet
- Fam hx
- Exposure to herbicides and pesticides
What is the MC type of testicular cancer?
Germ cell tumor-Seminomas (95%)
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
- Cryptorchidism
- Painless mass/lump
- Firmness of teste
- Gynecomastia
- Klinefelter syndrome
What is the MC type of penile cancer?
Squamous cell
What are the risk factors for penile cancer?
- 7th decade of life
- Uncircumcised
- HSV and HPV 18
When treating incontinence what do you treat first, urge or stress?
Treat urge before stress
What are the Urge/OAB treatment options (both pharm and non-pharm)
- Bladder training: timed/prompted voiding helps avoid full bladder
- Antimuscarinics: Oxybutynin
What is the MOA of Oxybutynin?
MOA: relax/block excess detrusor activity
What are the treatments for stress incontinence?
- Kegel exercises
- Beta-3 Agonist (Mirabegron)
- Estrogen therapy
- Paralytic agents: botulinum toxin A intravesical injection
- Pessary
- Surgery: mid urethral sling
What is the MOA of Beta-3 Agonist (Mirabegron)?
MOA: relaxes the detrusor smooth muscle during urine storage phase thus increasing bladder capacity
What is the MOA of Estrogen therapy?
MOA: plumps up tissue around bladder sphincter
What is stress incontinence d/t?
D/t increase abdominal pressure under stress (weak pelvic floor muscles)
[coughing, sneezing, or laughing]
Tell me if there are any of these in stress incontinence?
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Nocturia
- Episode during physical activity
- Leakage volume
- Urgency: Rare
- Frequency: Rare
- Nocturia: No
- Episode during physical activity: Yes
- Leakage volume: Small
What is urge incontinence d/t?
D/t involuntary contraction of bladder muscles occurring day or night.
Tell me if there are any of these in urge incontinence?
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Nocturia
- Episode during physical activity
- Leakage volume
- Urgency: Yes
- Frequency: Yes
- Nocturia: Yes
- Episode during physical activity: Rare
- Leakage volume: Large
What is overflow incontinence d/t?
D/t blockage of the urethra, poor stream, and incomplete emptying
Tell me if there are any of these in overflow incontinence?
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Nocturia
- Episode during physical activity
- Leakage volume
- Urgency: Yes
- Frequency: Sometimes
- Nocturia: No
- Episode during physical activity: Rare
- Leakage volume: Small
What would you see on a UA in a pt with nephrolithiasis?
- Microscopic or gross hematuria
- Pyuria or bacteriuria
- Crystal composition
- pH: acidic
What would you see on a UA in a pt with UTI (acute cystitis)?
- Bacteriuria >1 organism
- Pyuria >10 leukocytes
- Leukocyte Esterase
- Nitrites