Guidance For The Pregnant Athlete Flashcards
(47 cards)
Define infecundity and infertility
Infecundity: unable to get pregnant or carry child to term
Infertility: inability to get pregnant after 12 months of trying
What are benefits of exercise for pregnant athletes
Lower maternal weight
Decreased odds of cesarean delivery
Reduce odds of a large newborn, without altering risk of having a small newborn
What is vigorous intensity physical activity defined as
6.0 metabolic equivalents of training
60-84% of aerobic capacity reserve (or heart rate reserve)
Signs stress may be too high in the pregnant athlete
Low energy availability
Menstrual dysfunction
Low bone mineral density
Substantial loss of weight
BMI less than 18.5
Body fat <12%
Elevated blood pressure
List adverse reproductive outcomes for those experiencing prepartum obesity
Gestational diabetes
Hypertension
Preeclampsia
Miscarriage
Caesarian delivery
Preterm delivery
Postpartum weight retention
Fetal growth disorders
Even a reduced energy availability of less than 45 kcal/kg of FFM in female athletes can lead to
Menstrual irregularities
Decreased bones mass
Slow metabolic rate
Trigger hypoglycemia
Elevate blood cholesterol
What diet is associated with a reduced risk of impaired ovulation
Plant based diet
What nutrient is linked to supporting infertility and what blood values are associated with a successful fertility
Trans fat
Folate and vitamin B6
The use of what has been linked with a 73% lower incidence of infertility in women
Prenatal vitamin likely due to improving ovarian function
List benefits of folate for pregnancy
Enhance ovarian response to internal gonadotropin resulting in enhanced ovulation and fertility
Reduced risk of miscarriage
Reduce risk for neural defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly
Reduce risk of congenital heart disease and cleft lip and palate
Fetal benefits of a mother who eats healthy and exercises
Decreased fat mass
Improved stress tolerance
Advanced neurobehavioral maturation
List symptoms of pregnancy
Unusual fatigue
Abnormal eating habits
Dyspnea
Nausea
Bouts of dizziness
Heartburn
Constipation
During what trimester(s) is fatigue most likely to be present
First and third trimesters
Second trimester is usually accompanied by an increase in energy
What is severe nausea and vomiting called
Hyperemesis gravidarum
What negative effects can hyperemesis gravidarum lead to
Intrauterine growth retardation
Childhood insulin resistance
Psychological disorders in adulthood
Treatment protocols for morning sickness
Eat small, frequent meals to avoid an empty stomach or feelings of hunger
Eat dry, salty, and bland foods such as crackers
Incorporate protein rich foods at each feeding
Use an electrolyte enhanced effervescent in water, homemade oral rehydration solution, or sports drinks to aid in rehydration in cases of vomiting
Use vitamin B6 up to 200 mg/day
Use ginger products up to 1000 mg/day
Treatments for constipation during pregnancy
Increase fluid intake
Be physically active
Increase fiber intake
Supplement fiber with adding 4-6 tablespoons of bran or a daily dose of psyllium, methylcellulose, or polycarbophil
Use probiotics such as bifodobacterium lactis
Treatment of GERD symptoms during pregnancy
Avoid acidic and spicy food, caffeine, carbonated beverages, chocolate, and peppermint
Limit intake of animal fats, plant based diets can help
Eat smaller, more frequent meals not close to bedtime
Wear loose fitting clothes
Medications include histamine 2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitor, and antacids
Treatment for frequent urination during pregnancy
Reduce fluid intake before bedtime
Don’t resist the need to urinate
Wear a sanitary pad
Perform kegel exercises
Treatment options for musculoskeletal dysfunction during pregnancy
Physical therapy
Bracing or external support
Passive stretching and deep tissue massage
Inconclusive evidence to support the use of magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C
What is the increase in BMR for healthy and overweight/obese women along with recommended energy intake during the first, second, and third trimester
First trimester
Healthy BMI: 5%
Elevated BMI: 7% increase
Energy needs: 45 kcal/kg prepregnancy fat mass + energy exhausted during physical activity
Second trimester:
Healthy BMI: 11%
Elevated BMI: 16%
Energy needs: 45 kcal/kg prepregnancy fat mass + energy exhausted during physical activity + 340 kcal
Third trimester:
Healthy BMI: 24%
Elevated BMI: 36%
Energy needs: 45 kcal/kg prepregnancy fat mass + energy exhausted during physical activity + 452 kcal
What is the estimated overall energy cost from conception through delivery
75000-85000 kcal
What food and beverage options are allowed in low risk women in the active phase of labor and why
Small amounts of clear liquids and foods:
Water
Fruit juice without pulp
Broth
Gelatin products
Carbonated beverages
Tea and black coffee
Sports drinks
Ice pops
Reduce likelihood of ketone production leading to ketoacidosis
What are contraindications for providing food during labor
Eclampsia
Preeclampsia
Obesity
Use of opioids to manage pain
