Physiology Of Exercise

Question 1

Term used to describe a muscle cell

Answer 1

Muscle fiber

Question 2

A single nerve and group of muscle fibers it innervates is

Answer 2

Motor unit

Question 3

What does each muscle cell contain

Answer 3

Organelles
Mitochondria
Myofibrils

Question 4

What are sarcomeres?

Answer 4

Functional unit of the myofibril
Responsible for contractile properties of the muscle

Question 5

Describe type i fibers

Answer 5

Slow twitch
High level of aerobic endurance

Question 6

What activities are type i fibers used in?

Answer 6

ADLs
Walking
Low intensity endurance events - biking or jogging

Question 7

Describe type II fibers

Answer 7

Fast twitch
Poor endurance capacity
Work better anaerobically

Question 8

What activities entail type IIa fibers?

Answer 8

Higher intensity events of short duration

Half mile run
Strength training workout

Question 9

What activities entail type IIx fibers?

Answer 9

Explosive activities

50 meter dash
Weightlifting

Question 10

Functions of the cardiorespiratory system

Answer 10

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to working muscles
Remove metabolic waste products and CO2
Transporting hormones
Assisting in thermoregulation
Fluid balance
Maintaining acid-base balance

Question 11

Normal range for heart rate

Answer 11

60-100 bpm

Question 12

What is stroke volume?

Answer 12

Volume of blood pumped during one heartbeat

Question 13

What is cardiac output?

Answer 13

Total volume of blood pumped from one heartbeat

Heart rate X stroke volume

Question 14

What is VO2 max?

Answer 14

Maximal oxygen uptake

Question 15

Which is more important, lung gas exchange or glycogen availability?

Answer 15

Glycogen availability

Question 16

Percentage of protein used in body’s energy needs

Answer 16

5-10%

Question 17

Maximal amount of carbs (as kcal) that can be stored in the body

Answer 17

1600-2500 kcal

Question 18

What is the fastest way to generate ATP?

Answer 18

ATP CP cycle

Due to limited supplies it only lasts up to 10 seconds

Question 19

What is the biologically usable form of energy?

Answer 19

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 20

What are the 3 basic metabolic pathways to rephosphorylize ADP?

Answer 20

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Phosphocreatine pathway

Question 21

What amino acids can synthesize creatine?

Answer 21

Methionine

Arginine

Glycine

Question 22

How does the ATP PC pathway work?

Answer 22

A creatine kinase enzyme separates the phosphate from phosphocreatine and attaches itself to ADP forming ATP

Question 23

What two energy systems are used in the first few minutes of exercise?

Answer 23

ATP-PC system

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 24

Another name for aerobic glycolysis

Answer 24

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 25

What two pathways does aerobic glycolysis use?

Answer 25

Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Question 26

How many ATP can be generated via carbs or fat?

Answer 26

Carbs - 32 Fat - 106

Question 27

Drawbacks to using fat as a fuel source regarding ATP

Answer 27

Slow process Can only be generated aerobically (with oxygen)

Question 28

Possible causes of short term fatigue

Answer 28

Accumulation of metabolic products such as inorganic phosphate and lactate Depletion of creatine phosphate Changes in cellular calcium

Question 29

What 2 reputable places can you find credentialed exercise professionals?

Answer 29

ACSM ProFinder USREPS (US Registry of Exercise Professionals)

Question 30

What is a MET?

Answer 30

Metabolic Equivalent Ratio of the rate of energy expended during exercise compared to the rate of energy expended during rest

Question 31

What are the ranges for light, moderate, and vigorous intensity METs

Answer 31

Light - 1.1 - 2.9 Moderate - 3.0 - 5.9 Walking 3.3 mph Vigorous - greater than or equal to 6 Running a 10 minute mile

Question 32

What is short term or metabolic fatigue due to?

Answer 32

Reliance on anaerobic metabolism Build up of lactate

Question 33

What is long term or substrate fatigue due to?

Answer 33

Glycogen depletion “Hitting the wall” or “bonking”

Question 34

What is the equation for VO2 max

Answer 34

mL X kg-1 X min-1

Question 35

How to calculate maximum heart

Answer 35

208 - 0.7(age)