GYN Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cyst?
a) anechoic
b) hypoechoic
c) echogenic
d) hyperechoic
A
Anechoic
2
Q
āSā in the STAR criteria stands for:
a) simple
b) smooth walls
c) sound
d) septations
A
Smooth Walls
Through Transmission
Anechoic
Round
3
Q
What is pain during intercourse?
A
dyspareunia
4
Q
What term is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible?
A
Hirsutism
5
Q
What is a tumor marker for dysgerminoma?
A
LDH
6
Q
All of the following are associated with acute pelvic pain except:
a) pid
b) rupture ovarian hemorrhagic cyst
c) perforated iud
d) ashermen syndrome
A
Ashermen Syndrome
7
Q
What is define as intermenstrual bleeding?
A
metrorrhagia
8
Q
Which of the following is not typically associated with amenorrhea?
a) ashermen syndrome
b) pcos
c) pregnancy
d) adenomyosis
A
adenomyosis
9
Q
What is gravida?
A
Number of pregnancies that a patient have
10
Q
The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adj. to the uterus:
A
Adnexas
11
Q
What lab value is helpful to evaluate a patient with suspected internal hemorrhage?
A
hematocrit
12
Q
What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?
a) fitz hugh curtis syndrome
b) pid
c) ovarian torsion
d) ohs
A
ovarian torsion
13
Q
What often leads to elevation of CA-125?
a) ovarian carcinoma
b) fitz hugh curtis syndrome
c) ovarian torsion
A
Ovarian carcinoma
14
Q
Malignant ovarian tumors that may leak mucinous material, and this condition is known as?
A
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
15
Q
What is a breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast?
A
Tamoxifen
16
Q
What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?
a) ring down
b) mirror image
c) post enhancement
d) dirty transmission
A
Ring Down artifact
17
Q
Which of the following would be least likely to cause abdominal distention?
a) ascites
b) multiple leiomyoma
c) OHS
d) PCOS
A
PCOS
18
Q
All of the following are common indications for pelvic sonogram except?
a) evaluation of congenital anomalies
b) evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a mother vehicle accident
c) localization of a IUD
d) pmb
A
B - evaluate pelvic anatomy after accident
19
Q
What is precocious puberty best define as?
A
Pubertal development before the age of 8
20
Q
What is menorrhagia?
A
Abnormal heavy menstrual flow
21
Q
What are some labs that would be relevant lab test prior pelvic sonogram?
A
HCG, WBC, Hematocrit
22
Q
What is described as an infection of the female genital tract - that involves the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes
A
PID
23
Q
What is a diagnostic test that is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the FUNCTION of an organ?
A
Nuclear Medicine
24
Q
Endovaginal transducers may be clean by submerging into a _______ - based solution?
A
Glutaradehyde
25
WBC would most likely be associated with:
a) multiple fibroids
b) teratoma
c) adenomyosis
d) PID
PID
26
What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?
Uterus
27
Straight and spiral arteries are branches of the:
a) cia
b) radial art
c) arcuate art
d) external iliac art
Radial Art
28
Left ovarian vein drains where?
Drains into LRV then into IVC
29
What kind of artifact does bones produce?
Posterior shadowing
30
Anterior cul de sac is also known as:
Vesicouterine Pouch
31
What is the most dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity?
Pouch of Douglas/Posterior cul de sac
32
The innominate bones consist of which three?
Sacrum, Ischium, Ilium, pubic, coccyx
Ischium, ilium, and pubic bone
33
What is another term for retropubic space?
Space of retzius
34
What is the imaginary line that divides the true pelvic from false pelvis?
Linea Terminalis
35
What are the 2 muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram?
piriformis muscles
iliopsoas muscles
36
Which vessels supplies blood into the deeper layers of the myometrium?
a) radial arteries
b) spiral arteries
c) straight arteries
d) arcuate arteries
Radial Arteries
37
What is the anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone?
Rectus abdominis muscles
38
Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are:
Adnexas
39
The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are:
Iliopsoas muscles
40
Fluid noted anterior to the uterus most likely be located where:
a) pouch of douglas
b) vesticouterine pouch
c) space of retzius
d) rectouterine pouch
vesticouterine pouch
41
What are the bilateral muscles that are located posterior and extends from the sacrum, to the femoral greater trochanter are:
a) levator ani muscles
b) rectus abdominis
c) obturator internus
d) piriformis
Piriformis muscle
42
Which ligament provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall:
a) cardinal
b) ovarian
c) ovarian
d) suspensory
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
43
The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the:
a) levator ani muscles
b) rectus abdominis muscles
c) obturator internus muscles
d) piriformis mucles
Levator Ani muscles
44
Where is the space of retzius?
between bladder and pubic bone
45
Right ovarian artery branches of off?
Aorta
46
What are the muscles that are located lateral to the ovaries:
Obturator internus muscles
47
What arteries that directly supply blood into the functional layer of the endometrium?
Spiral Arteries
48
Pouch of douglas is also known as:
Rectouterine Pouch
49
Broad ligament extends where to where?
Extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
50
Where does uterine artery branch off:
Internal iliac artery
51
What are the arteries that are the peripheral arteries of the uterus?
Arcuate arteries
52
Bladder, uterus and ovaries are located in which pelvis?
True pelvis
53
What ligament provides support to the ovaries and lateral surface of the uterus?
Ovarian ligament
54
What ligament houses the vasculature of the uterus?
Cardinal ligament
55
What are the blood supplies to the ovaries?
Ovarian artery and Uterine artery
56
What muscles is involved when the uterus prolapsed?
Levator ani and Coccygeus muscles
57
Which fibroid location causes AUB because it is against the endometrium?
Submucosal
58
All the following are sonographic findings asso. w/ adenomyosis except:
a) diffuse, enlarged uterus
b) myometrial cysts
c) hypoechoic areas adj. to endometrium
d) complex adnexal mass
Complex adnexal ass
(Adenomyosis is the invasion of endometrium tissue into the muscles - window blinds effect)
59
Inner mucosal lining of the uterus:
Endometrium
60
What is a common congenital malformation of the uterus and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?
Septate uterus
61
Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a) ovarian tumor
b) adrenal tumor
c) liver tumor
d) brain tumor
Brain tumor
62
What section of the uterus is also referred as LUS:
Isthmus
63
What is considered to more common uterine anomaly?
Septate uterus
64
What is the area locate between the vagina and isthmus:
Cervix
65
What type of fibroid would distort the border of the uterus
Subserosal
66
What uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix
Anteflex
67
What kind of leiomyoma is at risk for torsion?
Pedunculated fibroid
68
All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except:
a) myometrial cysts
b) infertility
c) palpable pelvic mass
d) menorrhagia
Myometrial cysts (associated w/ adenomyosis)
69
What is the surgical removal of a fibroid?
Myomectomy
70
Which is not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis?
a) amenorrhea
b) dysmenorrhea
c) dyspareunia
d) menometrorrhagia
Amenorrhea
71
The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are:
Mullerian Duct
72
Abnormal prolong excessive menstrual bleeding is:
menometrorrhagia
73
What is the malformation of the uterus that result in complete duplication of the genital tract:
Uterus didelphys
74
What is the malignant counterpart of a fibroid:
Leiomyosarcoma
75
Normal position of uterus:
Antevert
76
Area of attachment of fallopian tubes:
Cornua
77
Recesses of the vagina are:
Fornices
78
Patient present to US with hx of adenomyosis dx by MRI. What are the most likely sonographic findings:
Myometrial cysts, w/ enlargement of the posterior uterine wall
79
What is the sono appearance of endometrioma?
Mostly cystic mass w/ low level echoes
80
What ovarian tumor is associated with Meig's Syndrome?
Fibroma (Non-estrogen producing)
81
Which of the following would most likely be confused for pedunculated fibroid because of its solid appearing structure?
a) serous cystadenoma
b) mucinous cystadenoma
c) fibroma
d) Theca lutein cysts
Fibroma
82
Small cyst adj. to the ovary, what most likely be this finding?
Paraovarian cyst
83
What is the most common benign ovarian tumor?
Cystic Teratoma
84
What is the ovarian mass that contains teeth, skin, hair?
Teratoma/Dermoid
85
Cystic mass that is commonly noted with pregnancy?
Corpus luteum cyst
86
What kind of appearance does teratoma have?
Tip of iceberg sign
87
What is the dominant follicle prior to ovulation?
Graafian follicle/dominant follicle
88
Once graafian follicle ruptures, what does it become?
corpus luteum
89
What is the formula for ovary?
L x W x H x 0.523
90
Normal ovarian flow is:
a) Low resistant during menstruation and high resistance at the time of ovulation
b) High resistant during menstruation and low resistance at the time of ovulation
c) low resistance
d) high resistance
High resistant during menstruation and low resistance at the time of ovulation
91
What is the malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
92
What 3 ovarian masses appearance looks like a fibroid?
Fibroma
Thecoma
Granulosa Cell tumor
93
What is define as ectopic endometrial tissue?
Endometrioma
94
What ovarian mass is associated with virilization?
Sertoli Leydig tumor (androblastoma)
95
What are 2 estrogen producing tumor?
Thecoma and Granulosa Cell Tumor
96
Pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and AUB; Large multilocuated cystic mass with papillary projection, what am i?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
97
Ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is:
Theca lutein cyst
98
What is the most common malignancy of the ovary
serous cystadenocarcinoma
99
Short, narrow segment of the fallopian tube, distant to the interstitial:
Isthmus
100
Fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube
Fimbria
101
Longest and tortuous segment of the tube; site fertilization
Ampulla
102
Inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube:
mucosal layer
103
Most distal fallopian tube
infundibulum
104
What substance does hysterosalpingography use to visual the uterine cavity and tubes?
Radiographic contrast
105
Ovarian torsion have what kind of sign?
Whirl Pool
106
FSH is produce by:
Anterior pituitary gland
107
Ovaries Freely Let Every Period Start
Ovaries: Follicular / Luteal
Endometrium: Periovulatory , Secretory
108
A change in menstrual bleeding associates with lesions within the uterus relates to:
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
109
The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:
corpus luteum
110
What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
HCG
111
During secretory phase, the endometrium appearance is:
Hyper-echoic & Thick
112
The increase of number in endometrial cells:
Endometrial hyperplasia
113
Which of the following is a cause of DUB (dysfunction uterine bleed)
a) hursutism
b) pcos
c) fibroid
d) pid
pcos
114
During 3 line sign, the functional later of the endometrium is:
a) anechoic
b) echogenic
c) hypoechoic
d) complex
hypoechoic
115
The structure noted in the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:
a) corpus luteum
b) corpus albican
c) cumulus oophorus
d) theca internal cells
Cumulus oophorus
116
What structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?
Corpus albicans
117
This hormone of the pituitary gland stimulates the follicular development of the ovary:
FSH
118
First phase of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
119
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce - control the release of the hormone for menstruation by the ant. pit. gland:
GnRH
120
Hormone produce by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta:
HCG
121
Hormone that surges on 14th day
LH
122
First phase of endometrial cycle:
Proliferative Phase/Periovulatory phase
123
What is polymenorrhea
Frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart
124
What hormone release by the ovary during the proliferative phase, stimulates endometrial thickening
Estrogen
125
Periovulatory phase is also known as:
Late proliferative phase
126
The corpus luteum primarily releases:
Progesterone
127
What is intermenstrual bleeding:
Menorrhagia
128
Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB:
adenomyosis
129
During which phase of the endometrial cycle would be endometrium yield the three-line-sign?
a) late proliferative
b) early proliferative
c) early secretory
d) late secretory
Late proliferative
130
2nd phase of endometrial cycle
secretory phase
131
What hormone is released by the ovary cycle during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
progesterone (keeps the endometrium thicken for if fertilized ovum)
132
LH and FSH is produced where?
Anterior pituitary gland
133
What is the average menstrual cycle
28 days
134
First menstrual cycle:
menarche
135
Measurement of endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:
a) 6-10 mm
b) 8-12mm
c) 4-8mm
d) 1-2mm
4-8mm; thickening hypoechoic functional layer
136
Measurement of endometrium during menses:
up to 4mm; thin and echogenic
137
Measurement of endometrium during periovulatory (late proliferative)
6-10mm; three-line-sign
138
Measurement of endometrium during secretory phase
7-14mm; thick and echogenic
139
What is the most likely pulse doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?
low impedance flow
140
What increases the likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism:
ERT
141
What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
142
Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer?
a) unopposed ERT
b) multiparity
c) osteoporosis
d) endo atrophy
Unopposed ERT (high amt of esterogen increases risk up endometrial cancer)
143
Gynecologic procedure to remove an endometrial polyp:
Hysteroscopy w/ polyectomy
144
Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed:
menopause
145
What is another term for PCOS
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
146
What hormone plays a huge role in symptoms associated w/ menopause:
estrogen
147
Breast cancer drug that alter the appearance of the endometrium:
tamoxifen
148
What are the ERT benefits:
Reduction of osteoporosis, colon cancer, and heart disease
149
Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk of ?
endometrial cancer
150
The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old woman is:
Depends on where in the menstrual cycle
151
Asymptomatic patient w/ pelvic pain and no vaginal bleeding, her endometrial thickness SHOULD NOT exceed:
8mm
152
84 with onset vaginal bleeding, her endometrium should not exceed:
5mm
153
With endometrial atrophy, endometrium thickness should not exceed:
5mm
154
What is the radiographic procedure use to evaluate the patency of fallopian tubes:
Hysterosalpingography
155
Most common initial clinical presentation of PID:
Vaginitis
156
The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is:
Hugh Fitz Curtis Syndrome
157
What are the sonographic finding of TOA
Cul de sac fluid
thicken, irregular endometrium
Fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass
158
PID with hx or chlamydia; what is the appearance
Thicken, irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, complex adnexal masses
159
OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed:
Theca lutein cysts (functional cysts, elevated levels of HCG, hyperemesis)
160
What is clomid use for
infertility treatment
161
Permanent birth control that is seen as echogenic, linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic portions of the fallopian tubes:
Essure devices (Tubal ligation is also another type of permanent birth control)
