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GYN > GYN > Flashcards

GYN Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cyst?
a) anechoic
b) hypoechoic
c) echogenic
d) hyperechoic

A

Anechoic

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2
Q

“S” in the STAR criteria stands for:
a) simple
b) smooth walls
c) sound
d) septations

A

Smooth Walls
Through Transmission
Anechoic
Round

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3
Q

What is pain during intercourse?

A

dyspareunia

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4
Q

What term is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible?

A

Hirsutism

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5
Q

What is a tumor marker for dysgerminoma?

A

LDH

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6
Q

All of the following are associated with acute pelvic pain except:
a) pid
b) rupture ovarian hemorrhagic cyst
c) perforated iud
d) ashermen syndrome

A

Ashermen Syndrome

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7
Q

What is define as intermenstrual bleeding?

A

metrorrhagia

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8
Q

Which of the following is not typically associated with amenorrhea?
a) ashermen syndrome
b) pcos
c) pregnancy
d) adenomyosis

A

adenomyosis

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9
Q

What is gravida?

A

Number of pregnancies that a patient have

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10
Q

The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adj. to the uterus:

A

Adnexas

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11
Q

What lab value is helpful to evaluate a patient with suspected internal hemorrhage?

A

hematocrit

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12
Q

What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?
a) fitz hugh curtis syndrome
b) pid
c) ovarian torsion
d) ohs

A

ovarian torsion

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13
Q

What often leads to elevation of CA-125?
a) ovarian carcinoma
b) fitz hugh curtis syndrome
c) ovarian torsion

A

Ovarian carcinoma

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14
Q

Malignant ovarian tumors that may leak mucinous material, and this condition is known as?

A

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

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15
Q

What is a breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast?

A

Tamoxifen

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16
Q

What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?
a) ring down
b) mirror image
c) post enhancement
d) dirty transmission

A

Ring Down artifact

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17
Q

Which of the following would be least likely to cause abdominal distention?
a) ascites
b) multiple leiomyoma
c) OHS
d) PCOS

A

PCOS

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18
Q

All of the following are common indications for pelvic sonogram except?
a) evaluation of congenital anomalies
b) evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a mother vehicle accident
c) localization of a IUD
d) pmb

A

B - evaluate pelvic anatomy after accident

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19
Q

What is precocious puberty best define as?

A

Pubertal development before the age of 8

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20
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Abnormal heavy menstrual flow

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21
Q

What are some labs that would be relevant lab test prior pelvic sonogram?

A

HCG, WBC, Hematocrit

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22
Q

What is described as an infection of the female genital tract - that involves the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes

A

PID

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23
Q

What is a diagnostic test that is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the FUNCTION of an organ?

A

Nuclear Medicine

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24
Q

Endovaginal transducers may be clean by submerging into a _______ - based solution?

A

Glutaradehyde

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25
Q

WBC would most likely be associated with:
a) multiple fibroids
b) teratoma
c) adenomyosis
d) PID

A

PID

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26
Q

What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?

A

Uterus

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27
Q

Straight and spiral arteries are branches of the:
a) cia
b) radial art
c) arcuate art
d) external iliac art

A

Radial Art

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28
Q

Left ovarian vein drains where?

A

Drains into LRV then into IVC

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29
Q

What kind of artifact does bones produce?

A

Posterior shadowing

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30
Q

Anterior cul de sac is also known as:

A

Vesicouterine Pouch

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31
Q

What is the most dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Pouch of Douglas/Posterior cul de sac

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32
Q

The innominate bones consist of which three?
Sacrum, Ischium, Ilium, pubic, coccyx

A

Ischium, ilium, and pubic bone

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33
Q

What is another term for retropubic space?

A

Space of retzius

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34
Q

What is the imaginary line that divides the true pelvic from false pelvis?

A

Linea Terminalis

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35
Q

What are the 2 muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram?

A

piriformis muscles
iliopsoas muscles

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36
Q

Which vessels supplies blood into the deeper layers of the myometrium?
a) radial arteries
b) spiral arteries
c) straight arteries
d) arcuate arteries

A

Radial Arteries

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37
Q

What is the anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone?

A

Rectus abdominis muscles

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38
Q

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are:

A

Adnexas

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39
Q

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are:

A

Iliopsoas muscles

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40
Q

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus most likely be located where:
a) pouch of douglas
b) vesticouterine pouch
c) space of retzius
d) rectouterine pouch

A

vesticouterine pouch

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41
Q

What are the bilateral muscles that are located posterior and extends from the sacrum, to the femoral greater trochanter are:
a) levator ani muscles
b) rectus abdominis
c) obturator internus
d) piriformis

A

Piriformis muscle

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42
Q

Which ligament provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall:
a) cardinal
b) ovarian
c) ovarian
d) suspensory

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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43
Q

The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the:
a) levator ani muscles
b) rectus abdominis muscles
c) obturator internus muscles
d) piriformis mucles

A

Levator Ani muscles

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44
Q

Where is the space of retzius?

A

between bladder and pubic bone

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45
Q

Right ovarian artery branches of off?

A

Aorta

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46
Q

What are the muscles that are located lateral to the ovaries:

A

Obturator internus muscles

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47
Q

What arteries that directly supply blood into the functional layer of the endometrium?

A

Spiral Arteries

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48
Q

Pouch of douglas is also known as:

A

Rectouterine Pouch

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49
Q

Broad ligament extends where to where?

A

Extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

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50
Q

Where does uterine artery branch off:

A

Internal iliac artery

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51
Q

What are the arteries that are the peripheral arteries of the uterus?

A

Arcuate arteries

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52
Q

Bladder, uterus and ovaries are located in which pelvis?

A

True pelvis

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53
Q

What ligament provides support to the ovaries and lateral surface of the uterus?

A

Ovarian ligament

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54
Q

What ligament houses the vasculature of the uterus?

A

Cardinal ligament

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55
Q

What are the blood supplies to the ovaries?

A

Ovarian artery and Uterine artery

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56
Q

What muscles is involved when the uterus prolapsed?

A

Levator ani and Coccygeus muscles

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57
Q

Which fibroid location causes AUB because it is against the endometrium?

A

Submucosal

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58
Q

All the following are sonographic findings asso. w/ adenomyosis except:
a) diffuse, enlarged uterus
b) myometrial cysts
c) hypoechoic areas adj. to endometrium
d) complex adnexal mass

A

Complex adnexal ass
(Adenomyosis is the invasion of endometrium tissue into the muscles - window blinds effect)

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59
Q

Inner mucosal lining of the uterus:

A

Endometrium

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60
Q

What is a common congenital malformation of the uterus and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?

A

Septate uterus

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61
Q

Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a) ovarian tumor
b) adrenal tumor
c) liver tumor
d) brain tumor

A

Brain tumor

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62
Q

What section of the uterus is also referred as LUS:

A

Isthmus

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63
Q

What is considered to more common uterine anomaly?

A

Septate uterus

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64
Q

What is the area locate between the vagina and isthmus:

A

Cervix

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65
Q

What type of fibroid would distort the border of the uterus

A

Subserosal

66
Q

What uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix

A

Anteflex

67
Q

What kind of leiomyoma is at risk for torsion?

A

Pedunculated fibroid

68
Q

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except:
a) myometrial cysts
b) infertility
c) palpable pelvic mass
d) menorrhagia

A

Myometrial cysts (associated w/ adenomyosis)

69
Q

What is the surgical removal of a fibroid?

A

Myomectomy

70
Q

Which is not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis?
a) amenorrhea
b) dysmenorrhea
c) dyspareunia
d) menometrorrhagia

A

Amenorrhea

71
Q

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are:

A

Mullerian Duct

72
Q

Abnormal prolong excessive menstrual bleeding is:

A

menometrorrhagia

73
Q

What is the malformation of the uterus that result in complete duplication of the genital tract:

A

Uterus didelphys

74
Q

What is the malignant counterpart of a fibroid:

A

Leiomyosarcoma

75
Q

Normal position of uterus:

A

Antevert

76
Q

Area of attachment of fallopian tubes:

A

Cornua

77
Q

Recesses of the vagina are:

A

Fornices

78
Q

Patient present to US with hx of adenomyosis dx by MRI. What are the most likely sonographic findings:

A

Myometrial cysts, w/ enlargement of the posterior uterine wall

79
Q

What is the sono appearance of endometrioma?

A

Mostly cystic mass w/ low level echoes

80
Q

What ovarian tumor is associated with Meig’s Syndrome?

A

Fibroma (Non-estrogen producing)

81
Q

Which of the following would most likely be confused for pedunculated fibroid because of its solid appearing structure?
a) serous cystadenoma
b) mucinous cystadenoma
c) fibroma
d) Theca lutein cysts

A

Fibroma

82
Q

Small cyst adj. to the ovary, what most likely be this finding?

A

Paraovarian cyst

83
Q

What is the most common benign ovarian tumor?

A

Cystic Teratoma

84
Q

What is the ovarian mass that contains teeth, skin, hair?

A

Teratoma/Dermoid

85
Q

Cystic mass that is commonly noted with pregnancy?

A

Corpus luteum cyst

86
Q

What kind of appearance does teratoma have?

A

Tip of iceberg sign

87
Q

What is the dominant follicle prior to ovulation?

A

Graafian follicle/dominant follicle

88
Q

Once graafian follicle ruptures, what does it become?

A

corpus luteum

89
Q

What is the formula for ovary?

A

L x W x H x 0.523

90
Q

Normal ovarian flow is:
a) Low resistant during menstruation and high resistance at the time of ovulation
b) High resistant during menstruation and low resistance at the time of ovulation
c) low resistance
d) high resistance

A

High resistant during menstruation and low resistance at the time of ovulation

91
Q

What is the malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

92
Q

What 3 ovarian masses appearance looks like a fibroid?

A

Fibroma
Thecoma
Granulosa Cell tumor

93
Q

What is define as ectopic endometrial tissue?

A

Endometrioma

94
Q

What ovarian mass is associated with virilization?

A

Sertoli Leydig tumor (androblastoma)

95
Q

What are 2 estrogen producing tumor?

A

Thecoma and Granulosa Cell Tumor

96
Q

Pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and AUB; Large multilocuated cystic mass with papillary projection, what am i?

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

97
Q

Ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is:

A

Theca lutein cyst

98
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the ovary

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

99
Q

Short, narrow segment of the fallopian tube, distant to the interstitial:

A

Isthmus

100
Q

Fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube

A

Fimbria

101
Q

Longest and tortuous segment of the tube; site fertilization

A

Ampulla

102
Q

Inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube:

A

mucosal layer

103
Q

Most distal fallopian tube

A

infundibulum

104
Q

What substance does hysterosalpingography use to visual the uterine cavity and tubes?

A

Radiographic contrast

105
Q

Ovarian torsion have what kind of sign?

A

Whirl Pool

106
Q

FSH is produce by:

A

Anterior pituitary gland

107
Q

Ovaries Freely Let Every Period Start

A

Ovaries: Follicular / Luteal
Endometrium: Periovulatory , Secretory

108
Q

A change in menstrual bleeding associates with lesions within the uterus relates to:

A

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

109
Q

The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:

A

corpus luteum

110
Q

What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

A

HCG

111
Q

During secretory phase, the endometrium appearance is:

A

Hyper-echoic & Thick

112
Q

The increase of number in endometrial cells:

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

113
Q

Which of the following is a cause of DUB (dysfunction uterine bleed)
a) hursutism
b) pcos
c) fibroid
d) pid

A

pcos

114
Q

During 3 line sign, the functional later of the endometrium is:
a) anechoic
b) echogenic
c) hypoechoic
d) complex

A

hypoechoic

115
Q

The structure noted in the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:
a) corpus luteum
b) corpus albican
c) cumulus oophorus
d) theca internal cells

A

Cumulus oophorus

116
Q

What structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?

A

Corpus albicans

117
Q

This hormone of the pituitary gland stimulates the follicular development of the ovary:

A

FSH

118
Q

First phase of ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase

119
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce - control the release of the hormone for menstruation by the ant. pit. gland:

A

GnRH

120
Q

Hormone produce by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta:

A

HCG

121
Q

Hormone that surges on 14th day

A

LH

122
Q

First phase of endometrial cycle:

A

Proliferative Phase/Periovulatory phase

123
Q

What is polymenorrhea

A

Frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart

124
Q

What hormone release by the ovary during the proliferative phase, stimulates endometrial thickening

A

Estrogen

125
Q

Periovulatory phase is also known as:

A

Late proliferative phase

126
Q

The corpus luteum primarily releases:

A

Progesterone

127
Q

What is intermenstrual bleeding:

A

Menorrhagia

128
Q

Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB:

A

adenomyosis

129
Q

During which phase of the endometrial cycle would be endometrium yield the three-line-sign?
a) late proliferative
b) early proliferative
c) early secretory
d) late secretory

A

Late proliferative

130
Q

2nd phase of endometrial cycle

A

secretory phase

131
Q

What hormone is released by the ovary cycle during the second half of the menstrual cycle?

A

progesterone (keeps the endometrium thicken for if fertilized ovum)

132
Q

LH and FSH is produced where?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

133
Q

What is the average menstrual cycle

A

28 days

134
Q

First menstrual cycle:

A

menarche

135
Q

Measurement of endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:
a) 6-10 mm
b) 8-12mm
c) 4-8mm
d) 1-2mm

A

4-8mm; thickening hypoechoic functional layer

136
Q

Measurement of endometrium during menses:

A

up to 4mm; thin and echogenic

137
Q

Measurement of endometrium during periovulatory (late proliferative)

A

6-10mm; three-line-sign

138
Q

Measurement of endometrium during secretory phase

A

7-14mm; thick and echogenic

139
Q

What is the most likely pulse doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?

A

low impedance flow

140
Q

What increases the likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism:

A

ERT

141
Q

What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

142
Q

Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer?
a) unopposed ERT
b) multiparity
c) osteoporosis
d) endo atrophy

A

Unopposed ERT (high amt of esterogen increases risk up endometrial cancer)

143
Q

Gynecologic procedure to remove an endometrial polyp:

A

Hysteroscopy w/ polyectomy

144
Q

Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed:

A

menopause

145
Q

What is another term for PCOS

A

Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

146
Q

What hormone plays a huge role in symptoms associated w/ menopause:

A

estrogen

147
Q

Breast cancer drug that alter the appearance of the endometrium:

A

tamoxifen

148
Q

What are the ERT benefits:

A

Reduction of osteoporosis, colon cancer, and heart disease

149
Q

Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk of ?

A

endometrial cancer

150
Q

The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old woman is:

A

Depends on where in the menstrual cycle

151
Q

Asymptomatic patient w/ pelvic pain and no vaginal bleeding, her endometrial thickness SHOULD NOT exceed:

A

8mm

152
Q

84 with onset vaginal bleeding, her endometrium should not exceed:

A

5mm

153
Q

With endometrial atrophy, endometrium thickness should not exceed:

A

5mm

154
Q

What is the radiographic procedure use to evaluate the patency of fallopian tubes:

A

Hysterosalpingography

155
Q

Most common initial clinical presentation of PID:

A

Vaginitis

156
Q

The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is:

A

Hugh Fitz Curtis Syndrome

157
Q

What are the sonographic finding of TOA

A

Cul de sac fluid
thicken, irregular endometrium
Fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass

158
Q

PID with hx or chlamydia; what is the appearance

A

Thicken, irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, complex adnexal masses

159
Q

OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed:

A

Theca lutein cysts (functional cysts, elevated levels of HCG, hyperemesis)

160
Q

What is clomid use for

A

infertility treatment

161
Q

Permanent birth control that is seen as echogenic, linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic portions of the fallopian tubes:

A

Essure devices (Tubal ligation is also another type of permanent birth control)

GYN (2 decks)

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