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OB Registry-Penny Questions > GYN Chapters > Flashcards

GYN Chapters Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ ligament supports the tubes and ovaries

A

broad

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2
Q

The ____ ligament supports the uterine fundus

A

round—think round like the fundus of ut

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3
Q

the _____ ligament supports the cervix

A

cardinal—c for both. cervix/cardinal

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4
Q

The ______ ligaments support ovaries and tubes

A

suspensory

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5
Q

What is the reason that there is a correlation between kidney and uterine anomalies?

A

they are both formed at the same time in utero

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6
Q

The largest part of the uterus is the

A

corpus (body)

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7
Q

Uterine Isthmus is also known as

A

lower uterine segment

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8
Q

Cornua is where the ___ attaches to the ______

A

fallopian tubes attach to uterus at the level of the horns

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9
Q

endometrial tissue in myometrium

A

adenomyosis

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10
Q

Sonographic findings of adenomyosis?

A
  1. enlarged heterogenous

2. myometrial cysts

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11
Q

Age group of adenomyosis?

A

older and multiparous

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12
Q

The most common benign tumor is the fibroid. What pts are at risk for this?

A

obese, black, nonsmokers, perimenopausal.

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13
Q

Name the different types of fibroids

A
  1. intramural- myometrium
  2. submucosal- endometrium
  3. pedunculated-at risk for torsion causing necrosis.
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14
Q

Cervical carcinoma is common in patients younger than ___ years of age

A

50

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15
Q

What is mittelschmerz?

A

ovulation pain

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16
Q

Ovaries are stimulated by follicle stimulated hormone released by the __________

A

anterior pituitary gland.

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17
Q

formed as dominant follicle ruptures- produced progesterone- often resolved after 16 weeks of gestation

A

corpus luteum

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18
Q

Theca Lutein cyst will have elevated ______ lab value. It is common in what kind of gestation?

A

HCG, common with multiple gestations

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19
Q

What is a dermoid a result of?

A

results from retention of an unfertilized ovum

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20
Q

What is the bright spot in a dermoid?

A

dermoid plug

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21
Q

Dermoids are composed of what?

A

tissue bone hari fat cartilage deeth and digestive components

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22
Q

Thecomas produce _____ and are common in post menopausal women

A

estrogen

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23
Q

Chocolate chip cysts are common in

A

endometriosis, endometrioma

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24
Q

What are endometriomas more at risk for?

A

infertility and hemorrhage

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25
Q

Are serous or mucinous cystadenomas more commonly bilateral?

A

serous

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26
Q

cystadenoma more common in 40-50s and pregnancy

A

serous cystadenoma

think serous/senior ((even tho that age isnt old :) )

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27
Q

Are serous or mucinous cystadenomas more common to have papillary projections?

A

serous

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28
Q

Serous cystadenocarcinomas will have an elevated _____

A

CA 125

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29
Q

Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas will have malignant ascites called ______

A

pseudomyxoma

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30
Q

metastized from GI tract, appears hyperechoic and bilateral.

A

Krukenberg

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31
Q

younger than 30, elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (similar to seminoma)

A

dysgerminoma

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32
Q

Is ovarian torsion more common on left or right?

A

right

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33
Q
  • The hypothalamus located beneath the thalamus, regulates the _______ by anterior pituitary gland – Gonadotropin. L
A

release of hormones

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34
Q

H SURGES around day _____- resulting in ovulation.

A

14

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35
Q

Menopausal age is ___.

A

51

36
Q

Why does menopause happen?

A

the estrogen and progesterone levels are lower therefore no follicles are seen making them smaller and become atrophic.

37
Q

Polyps are linked to

A

infertility and longer periods

38
Q

What is endometrial carcinoma linked to?

A

nulliparity, obesity, anovulation, between 50-65.

  • for the age- think endometrial elder.. even though 50-65 is not old :) )
39
Q

If a person has an elevated CA 125, is it automatically cancer? if not what else can it cause?

A

no

PID, fibroids, and endometriosis

40
Q

presence of intrauterine adhesions or synechiae- scar formation after surgery esp a D &C, amenorrhea.

A

ashermanns

41
Q

If you scan a patient that has fluid in Morrisons pouch and hyperemic flow around the inflamed tube, what woud this be?

A

salpingitis

42
Q

o Thickiened irregular endo, pyosalpinx, FF, complex adnexal masses. Unable to break away ovary and tube with probe .

A

tubo-ovarian complex

43
Q

further complication of

A

TOC, theres a loss of borders of mass and it is often bilateral.

44
Q

If a patient is unable to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex and possibly has PID, and a bicornuate/septate uterus, what could this indicate?

A

infertility.

45
Q

obese pt w/ abnormal facial hair, infertility, enlarged cystic ovaries and chronic anovulation

A

PCOS

46
Q

Patients with _________ ______ are more at risk for torsion due to the enlarged ovaries with theca lutein cysts

A

Ovarian Hyperstimulation

47
Q

The reason we cant lay a patient all the way down who is in their 2nd or 3rd trimester is because

A

we can cause supine hypotensive syndrome which is the reduction of blood returning to heart due to compressed IVC

48
Q

Reasons for vaginal bleeding in pregnancy

A

ectopic, Trophoblastic disease, miscarriage, blighted ovum, demise, and subchorionic hemmorrhage

49
Q

Painless bleeding in 2nd trimester could indicate

A

placenta previa- covering the internal os of cervix.

50
Q

Painful vaginal bleeding could be

A

placental abruption (premature separation of placenta from uterine wall before birth of fetus

51
Q

Tell me the difference between painless vaginal bleeding and painful vaginal bleeding. What could it indicate?

A

Painless-placenta previa

Painful- placental abruption

52
Q

triple screen is done at _______ weeks

what is it testing for?

A

15-20 weeks

HCG, MSAFP and estriol

53
Q

types of breech

A

o complete (legs flexed at hip and flexion of knees)
o Frank- fetal buttock at cervix
o Footling- one foot at cervix

54
Q

• Normal HCG levels DOUBLE EVERY ______ hrs in 1st trimester

A

48

55
Q

A blastocyst consists of two parts

A

i. Trophoblastic cells-outer part which will become the placenta and chorion
ii. Inner part is the embryo, amnion, umbilical cord and yolk sacs.

56
Q

Mother and fetus are connected thru tissue called

A

chorionic villi.

57
Q

What week will the hintdgut, foregut and midgut be formed as well as the neural tube?

A

4th week

58
Q

First heartbeat occurs in what week?

A

5th

59
Q

Primary yolk sac regresses and two membranes are formed in the

A

4th week

60
Q

How do we calculae the MSD?

A

L x W x H / 3

61
Q

o Chorionic and amnion typically fuse middle of first trimester but may not totally fuse until

A

16 weeks

62
Q

What is the normal heartbeat in the 6th week of gestation?

A

100-115

63
Q

All internal external structures are forming at week

A

6

64
Q

A rhomencephalon (hindbrain) is seen as a cyst in week ___ of gestation

A

7

65
Q

The fetal limb buds are seen at week

A

7

66
Q

Bowel herniation begins at week

A

8

67
Q

Midgut migrates into umbilcal cord by week ___ if not resolved by week 12, followup is necessary

A

8

68
Q

Placenta starts forming at week

A

11

69
Q

The decidua basalis is the _____ contribution to placenta

A

maternal–

think the mother is allways boss–(bas/boss)

70
Q

The chorion frondosum is t he ____ contribution to placenta

A

fetal…. think fetal/frondosum both start with Fs

71
Q

Brain anatomy is seen at week

A

9-12

72
Q

WHen doing the nuchal translucency test, what types of disorders can be indicative?

A

Trisomy 21, 18, and Turners

73
Q

What weeks is the nuchal translucency done?

A

11-14 weeks

It shouldnt measure more than 3mm

74
Q

What is a heterotopic pregnancy?

A

when there is an IUP and ectopic together.

75
Q

What are the clinical findings of heterotopic pregnancy

A

vag bleeding, pain, pelvic mass, low HCG, low hematocrit

76
Q

Whos more at risk for ectopic pregnancies?

A

o PID, multiparity, AMA, infertility treatment, HX ectopic or tubal surgery.

77
Q

What medication is given for ectopics?

A

Methotrexate

78
Q

Which type of ectopic is more common for hemmorhage?

A

interstitial/corneal pregnancies that are in the tube

79
Q

clinical findings of fetal demise

A

vag bleeding with close cervix, often linked to chromosomal abnormalities

80
Q

Another name for a molar pregnancy

A

gestational trophoblastic disease

81
Q

Why do gestational trophoblastic happen?

A

result of abnormal combo of male and female gametes.

82
Q

Clnical findings of trophoblastic disease

A

Elevated HCG ^, vaginal bleeding, hypertension, pre/eclampsia.

83
Q

sonographic findings og Gestational trophoblastic disease

A

large complex mass with snowstorm appearance with cystic spaces representing chorionic villie.

84
Q

New subchorionic hemorrhage will appear

A

hyperechoic or isoechoic

85
Q

Old subchorionic hemorrhage will appear

A

anechoic

OB Registry-Penny Questions (2 decks)

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