Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP2 OBGYN > Gynae p3 > Flashcards

Gynae p3 Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Def Amenorrhoea

A

Absence of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is primary amenorrhoea

A

When menstuation hasn’t started by age 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is secondary amenorrhoea

A

Previous normal menstruation ceases for 3 months or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oligomenorrhoea

A

Menstruation occurs ev 35 dyas –> 6 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physiological causes of amenorrhoea (3)

A

Pregnancy
After menopause
During lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary pathological causes of amenorrhoea

A

Congenital abnormalities

Or acquired disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary pathological causes of Amenorrhoea (3)

A

Premature menopause
PCOS
Hyperprolactinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drugs causing amenorrhoea (3)

A

Progestogens
GnRH analogues
Antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypothalamic causes of ameorrhoea

A 
Hypothalamic hypogonadism (anorexia/XS exercise)
Tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx of hypothalamic causes of amenorrhoea

A

Supportive

replace O if req - COCP/HRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pituitary causes of amenorrhoea

A

Hyperprolactinemia - hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mx pit causes of amenorrhoea (2)

A

Cabergoline

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outflow tract issues - causes of amenorrhoea - congenital (2)

A

Imperforate hymen

Transverse vaginal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outflow tract issues - causes of amenorrhoea - acquired (2)

A

Cervical stenosis

Ashermans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx outflow tract issues –> amenorrhoea

A

Surg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Def menopause

A

Permanent cessation of menstruation from loss of ovarian follicular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Median age menopause

A

51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is natural menopause recognised

A

After >12 months consecutively of amenorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is perimenopause

A

Time beginning w/ 1sat features of approaching menopause + ends 12m after LMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Def premature menopause

A

Menopause occuring before the age of 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vasomotor Sx menopause

A

night sweats
sleep disturbance
hot flushes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx vasomotor Sx menopause

A

Clonidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Psychological Sx menopause (3)

A

Memory problems
Loss of mental sharpness
Easier to lose temper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Urogenital Sx menopause (43)

A

Vaginal atrophy/urinary problems
Loss of oestrogen receptors on urethra/bladder –> destrusor instability + incontinence
Atrophy –> itching, burning, dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Other Sx of menopause
OP | Sexual problems
26
Ix menopause (2)
FSH levels | AMH - antimullerian hormone = low levels in ov failure
27
What are the 3 main types of HRT ?
Combined - O+P | Oestrogen only
28
Who can have oestrogen only HRT
Women who have had hysterectomy
29
What is Tibolone
Testosterone derivative for F who desire amenorrhoea = Tx vasomotor, psycho + libido problems
30
What are SERM's
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators - clomiphene, raloxifene
31
Mode of action SERMs
Make ovaries ovulate | Dont fit on brain/breast/EM receptors :)
32
Negative of SERMS
expensive
33
+ves of Oral HRT (2)
Cheap | Effective
34
-ves of oral HRT (4)
Partial metabolism in gut Can cause indigestion problems Peaks + troughs in plasma levels Incr risk VTE
35
+ves of transdermal HRT patch (2)
Avoids liver | Continuous absorption
36
-ves transdermal HRT patch (2)
Expensive | skin reactions
37
+ves of TO gel HRT
Continuous absorption
38
-ves of TO gel HRT (4)
O prep only Messy Incr risk CA Expensive
39
+ves of implant HRT
Only have to replace every 6 months
40
-ves of implant HRT (3)
Cant be removed Still req P Problems w/ oestrogen sensitivity
41
+ves of vaginal cream HRT (2)
Specific local effectr | Great for urogenital Sx
42
-ves vaginal cream HRT (2)
O only | LT EM stim b/c systemic absorption
43
What is cyclical/sequential HRT
Take O every day + P only last 14 days menstrual cycle | Will still have period
44
Who is cyclical/sequential hRT for
F on HRT who have menopausal Sx but still have periods
45
What is continuous combined HRT
O+P everyday without a break | Or O everyday
46
Who has continuous combined HRT
Menopausal F who have been >2 yinto the mennopause
47
Use of mirena in HRT
for O only as an adjunct | Have to change every 4 years not 5
48
Things to know when coming off HRT
Staggered approach b/c withdrawal Sx | Aim = to get off HRT at age of menopause
49
When must youi STOP HRT
If any Sx/signs of breast cancer
50
Risks HRT (4)
Br cancer EM cancer VTE CVD?
51
C/I HRT *7)
``` EM cancer Breast cancer Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Undiagnosed breast lump Suspected pregnancy Liver disease w/ imp LFT Prev VTE assoc w/ COCP, preg, O replacement ```
52
Non-hormonal alts to HRT (2)
Clonidine - esp good for hot flushes/ night sweats | SSRIs/SSNI's
53
WHat is a Bartholin's abscess
Abscess of gland towards post fourchette
54
Pathophysiology Bartholin's abscess
Openings at vaginal orifiece secrete mucus to lubricate vaginal Builf up of f mucus --> blocked gland --> if un Tx --> cyst --> abscess
55
Infective organisms Bartholin's (3)
E coli MRSA STIS
56
RF Bartholins ((3)
Prev Bartholins Sexally active Hx of vulval surgery
57
PS Bartholins cyst
Small = asymp Vulvar pain Superficial dyspareunia
58
PS Bartholins abcsess (2)
Acute onset pain | difficulty passing urine
59
DDx Bartholins (3)
Bartholins gland carcinoma Bartholins benign tumour Lipoma/leiomyoma
60
Ix Bartholins
often clinical Swab >40 - biopsy to excl carcinoma
61
Mx Bartholins
``` Word catheter Or marsupialisation (vertical incision) ```
62
Physiological causes of vaginal discharge (4)
Vestibular gland secretions vaginal transudate cervical mucus Residual menstrual fluid
63
Hx q vaginal discharge
``` Timing of onset Colour Odor Blood Irritation Assoc Sx Prev pessary ring Prev hysterectomy Prev obstructed labour DM? Methods of contraception Recent ABx ```
64
STIs causing discharge (3)
Chlamydia TV N gonorrhoea
65
non-Sexually transmitted Infections causing discharge (2)
BV | Candida
66
Inflammator causes of discharge (3)
Allergy to soaps Atrophic changes Post op granulation tissues
67
Malignancy causes of discharge (3)
Vulval carcinoma Cervical carcinoma Uterine carcinoma
68
FB causes of discharge (2)
Retained condom/tampon | Ring pessary
69
Candidia discharge
Thick itchy white cottage cheese
70
BV discharge
Grey, fish smelling
71
O/E - Ix discharge
Abdo palp Speculum Bimanual palp
72
Which discharge causes do you need to swab for?
candida TV Chlamydia Gonorrhoea
73
Which sicharge cause do you need to MSU for
Infective causes
74
Other Ix discharge
Cervical cytology EM sampling/hysteroscopy Pelvic USS Laparoscopy
75
Def pruritis vulvae
Itching or irritation of the vulva
76
What 4 groups of conditions cause pruritis vulvae?
Vulval dystrophy Neoplastic Derm Infection
77
O/E pruritis vulvae
``` Derm? Signs chronic renal and liver disease Examine vulva, urethral meatus, perinanal region VE/Speculum Coloscopy ```
78
Features on examination suggestive of vulval infection (3)
Generalised vulvitis Vaginal discharge Genital warts/herpes
79
Features o/e suggestive of vulval dystrophies (4)
Labial fusions Adhesions Stenosis of introitus Leucoplakia
80
Ix pruritis vulvae
LFT/RFT/GTT/urinalysis Bacterial swabs STI screen Histological (punch biopsies)
81
Causes of endometritis (4)
Instrumentation of uterus Complication of pregnancy Infection - STIs E.coli/BV/Staph
82
PS endometritis (3)
Persistent/heavy vaginal bleeding tender uterus open cervical os
83
Ix endometritis
Swabs | FBC
84
Mx endometritis
BS ABx | US?
85
RF PID (4)
Young F Poverty Sexually active Nulliparous
86
Protective factors PID (2)
Mirena | OCP
87
PS PID
Mostly asymp PS later w/ subfertility/menstrual problems Deep dyspaerunia + abnorm bleeding Bilateral lower abdo pain
88
O/E PID
Severe incr HR, fever, lower abdo guarding | Cervical excitation + tender adnexae
89
DDx PID (3)
Appendicitis Ovarian cyst Ectopic
90
Ix PID
Endocervical swabs Bloods - cultures, FBC, WCC, CRP Pelvic USS - excl abscess/cysts Laparoscopy + fimbria biopsy = gold standard
91
Mx PID
Analgesia IV ABx Review in 24 hr - if no improvement --> laparoscopy
92
Compications PID
Abscess Subfertility Ectopic pregnancy
93
Cause of chronic PID
Persisting infection due to poor Tx PID
94
Sx chronic PID (6)
``` Chronic pelvic pain Dysmenorrhoea Deep dyspareunia Heavy irreg menstruation Chronic discharge Subfertility ```
95
O/E - chronic PID
Abdo + adenxal tenderness | Fixed retroverted uterus
96
Ix chronic PID
TV USS | Laparoscopy
97
Mx chronic PID
Analgesia ABx Adhesiolysis Salpingectomy

CP2 OBGYN (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions