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Question 1

What are the neurological manifestations of both metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

Lethargy
Confusion
Dizziness
Headache
Coma

Question 2

How does acidosis of either type affect blood pressure

Answer 2

It decreases blood pressure

Question 3

What cardiovascular manifestation can be expected with respiratory acidosis

Answer 3

V fib
Warm flushed skin

Question 4

What cardiovascular manifestation is related to metabolic acidosis

Answer 4

Dysrythmias related to hyperkalemia
Cold clammy skin

Question 5

What cardiovascular manifestation is related to metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

Dysrythmias related to hyperkalemia
Cold clammy skin

Question 6

What are the gastrointestinal manifestations of respiratory acidosis

Answer 6

There are none

Question 7

What are the gastrointestinal symptoms related to metabolic acidosis

Answer 7

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

Question 8

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany respiratory acidosis

Answer 8

Siezures

Question 9

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

Muscle weakness

Question 10

What respiratory symptoms accompany respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

Hypoventallation with hypoxia

Question 11

What respiratory symptoms accompany metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

Deep rapid respirations

Question 12

What are the neurological symptoms that come with respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

Confusion
Headache

Question 13

What neurological symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

Dizziness
Lightheadedness

Question 14

What neurological symptoms come with metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

Irritability
Lethargy

Question 15

What cardiovascular symptoms come from both respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

Tachycardia
dysrythmias related to hypokalemia

Question 16

What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 16

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Epigastric pain

Question 17

What gastrointestinal problems come with metabolic alkalosis

Answer 17

Nausea
vomiting
Anorexia

Question 18

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

Answer 18

Tetany
Numbness
Tingling of extremities
Hyperreflexia
Seizures

Question 19

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany metabolic alkalosis

Answer 19

Tetany
Tremors
Tingling of fingers and toes
Muscle cramps, hypertonic muscles
Seizures

Question 20

What respiratory symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

Answer 20

Hyperventilation

Question 21

What respiratory symptoms accompany metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

Hypoventallation

Question 22

What symptoms accompany hypomagnesemia

Answer 22

Muscle cramps
Tremors
Hyperactive reflexes
Chvosteks and trousseaus sign
Confusion
Vertigo
Seizures
Torsades depointes
V fib

Question 23

Causes of hypomagnesemia

Answer 23

Prolonged fasting
Chronic alcoholism
Fluid loss from GI tract
Prolonged PN without supplementatio
Diuretics
Proton pump inhibitors
Hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis

Question 24

Hyper magnesiemia caused by

Answer 24

Increased intake of magnesium while renal insufficiency or failure is present

Excess IV magnesium administration

Question 25

Symptoms of hypermagnesemia

Answer 25

Hypotension Facial flushing Nausea and vomiting Impaired deep tendon reflexes Muscle paralysis Respiratory and cardiac arrest

Question 26

Hypo phosphatemia symptoms

Answer 26

CNS depression Muscle weakness and pain Respiratory and heart failure Rickets and oseteomalacia

Question 27

Hypophosphotemia caused by

Answer 27

Malnourishment malabsorption Diarrhea Use of phosphate binding antacids Inadequate replacement during paraenteral nutrition Decreased intestinal absorption Incresead urinary excretion Receding syndrome

Question 28

Hyper phosphatemia caused by

Answer 28

Acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease Excess intake of phosphate orvitaminD Hypo parathyroidism

Question 29

Hyper phosphatemia manifestations

Answer 29

Tetany Muscle cramps Paresthesias Hypotension Dysrythmias Seizures Hypocalcemia Calcified deposits in soft tissue such as joints arteries skin kidneys and corneas

Question 30

Hypocalcemia caused by

Answer 30

Decreased production of PTH Multiple blood transfusions Alkalosis Increased calcium loss

Question 31

Manifestations of hypocalcemia

Answer 31

Tetany Positive T or C sign Laryngeal stridor Dysphagia Numbness Dysrythmias

Question 32

Hypercalcemia caused by

Answer 32

Hyperparathyroidism Cancer

Question 33

Hypercalcemia manifestations

Answer 33

Fatigue Lethargy Weakness Confusion Hallucinations Seizures Coma Dysrythmias Bone pain or fracture Nephrolithasis Polyuria Dehydration

Question 34

Hypokalemia manifestations

Answer 34

Cardiac Skeletal muscle weakness Weakness of respiratory muscle Decreased GI motility Hyperglycemia

Question 35

Hypokalemia caused by

Answer 35

Increased potassium loss via kidneys or GI tract Increased shift of potassium from ECF to icf Renal losses from loop or potassium depleting diuretics Low magnesium levels

Question 36

Hyperkalemia manifestations

Answer 36

Life threatening arrhythmias Fatigue confusion Tetany Muscle cramps Weak or paralyzed skeletal muscles Abdominal cramping or diarrhea

Question 37

Hyperkalemia causes

Answer 37

Impaired renal excretion Potassium shift from icf to ECF Massive potassium intake Some drugs Most common cause is renal failure

Question 38

Hyponatremia manifestations

Answer 38

Headache Irritability difficulty concentrating Confusion Vomiting Seizures Coma Death is possible

Question 39

Hyponatremia causes

Answer 39

Loss of sodium containing fluids Water excess Fluid shift out of ECF into icf Draining wounds Diarrhea Vomiting Adrenal insufficiency Excess use of hypotonic IV fluids SIADH causes water retention

Question 40

Hypernatremia manifestations

Answer 40

Thirst Altered mental status Ortho hypotension Tachycardia Weakness

Question 41

Causes of hypernatremia

Answer 41

Inadequate water intake Excess water loss Sodium gain