H& E micro b

Question 1

The appearance of Koplickk spots can be identified with what disease?

Answer 1

Measles

Question 2

True pr False? The family classification for the measles virus is morbillivirus while the genus classification is paramyxoviridae.

Answer 2

FALSE!!! The family classification - Paramyxoviridae

Genus classification - morbillivirus

Question 3

How long is the incubation period for Measles ?

Answer 3

10-14 days

Question 4

What is the duration of the Prodromal phase in Measles?

Answer 4

2-3 days

Question 5

When does the prodromal begin after exposure?

Answer 5

9 to 10 days after exposure

Question 6

Which disease is associated with Hirschberg spots ?

Answer 6

Measles

Question 7

What is the incubation period in rubella?

Answer 7

16 to 21 days

Question 8

What is the Incubation period for Herpes?

Answer 8

4 days

Question 9

True or False? HSV is cleared by neurons.

Answer 9

FALSE!! It is not cleared by any neurons and the ganglia become lifelong reservoirs of virus.

Question 10

What is a primary infection for individual who is inferred with Herpes virus?

Answer 10

First infection with either HSV1 or 2 in an individual with no pre-existing antibodies to either type.
* lesions and severe systemic symptoms are typically present

Question 11

What is a non-primary infection for individual who is inferred with Herpes virus?

Answer 11

First infection with either HSV1 or 2 in an individual with pre-existing antibodies to the other type.
* which typically mitigate the severity of HSV-2 symptoms.

Question 12

What is the gold standard method used in diagnosis of Herpes?

Answer 12

Virus culture

Question 13

What is the incubation period for Varicella- Zoster virus ( chicken- pox) ?

Answer 13

10-21 days

Question 14

What is the test of choice for VZV?

Answer 14

PCR testing

Question 15

What criteria is used to diagnose Infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 15

Hoagland’s criteria

Question 16

Fill in the blanks.” IgG antibodies following primary infection have ________. “

Answer 16

Low avidity

Question 17

Fill in the blanks. “ IgG antibodies mature over 2-4 months to _______”

Answer 17

High avidity

Question 18

What are examples of Helminths infections of the GI tract?

Answer 18

• Soil transmitted helminths
• Hookworms
  -Necator americanus – “New World”
• Ancylostoma duodenale – “Old world”
• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Trichuris trichiura
• Strongyloides stercoralis
• Enterobius vermicularis

Question 19

What is the largest group of Helminths infecting humans?

Answer 19

Phylum NEMATODA (“roundworms”)

Question 20

Which hookworm is a dog hookworm?

Answer 20

A. caninum

Question 21

True or False? Female hookworms are smaller.

Answer 21

FALSE!! Male hookworms are smaller.

Question 22

Which stage of hookworm larvae penetrates the skin of new host?

Answer 22

Filariform lava ( L3 or J3)

Question 23

Which hookworm has 2 pairs of cutting teeth?

Answer 23

Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 24

Which hookworm has 2 slicing blades?

Answer 24

Necator americanus

Question 25

What are the clinical features of Acute hookworm diseases?

Answer 25

* Tissue necrosis within the mouth of the worm . * Blood loss - Patients present fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea with dark stool, weakness and pallor.

Question 26

What is the main symptom of Chronic hookworm disease?

Answer 26

Iron deficiency anaemia with pallor

Question 27

What is the treatment of S. stercoralis?

Answer 27

Albendazole Ivermectin

Question 28

What is the most prevalent Helminth infection in the Caribbean?

Answer 28

Trichuris trichiura

Question 29

What are the symptoms of Trichuris dysentery syndrome?

Answer 29

* Diarrhoea * Anaemia * Stunting * Bloody stools * Geophagia * Rectal prolapse - oedema of rectum * Finger Clubbing * Impaired cognitive development

Question 30

What are examples of the Non-opportunistic protozoan/protists?

Answer 30

Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia

Question 31

What are the examples of the opportunistic coccidia?

Answer 31

* Cryptosporidium spp. * Cyclospora cayatenensis * Cytoisospora belli (Isospora belli)

Question 32

Which protozoa is the emerging causes of neurological and intestinal infections ?

Answer 32

Microsporidia

Question 33

What is the causative agent in Amoebiasis?

Answer 33

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 34

What are the clinical features of Intestinal amoebiasis?

Answer 34

-Mimics ulcerative colitis colicky abdominal pain Tenesmus Flatulence weight loss anorexia chronic fatigue

Question 35

How are amoeba cysts killed?

Answer 35

Drying, superchlorination, heat>55oC

Question 36

How many nuclei are present within a cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 36

4 nuclei

Question 37

What is the mechanism of reproduction for Giardia Trophozoites?

Answer 37

Binary fission

Question 38

What is the treatment for Giardia?

Answer 38

Metronidazole

Question 39

What is the infectious dose of Giardia?

Answer 39

10 cysts

Question 40

What is the major parasite found in Pigs?

Answer 40

Balntidium coli

Question 41

What is the treatment for B.coli?

Answer 41

Carbasone or tetracycline diiodohydroxyquin

Question 42

What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in the world?

Answer 42

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm

Question 43

At what time is the best time to take a sample from suspected W. bancrofti infection?

Answer 43

At night , 10:00 p.m. - 4: 00 a.m.

Question 44

What is the treatment of W. bancrofti?

Answer 44

* Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) - Kills adults and microfilariae * Ivermectin - Effective against microfilariae but not adults * Ivermectin + albendazole

Question 45

True or False? Taenia solium has has 7 to 13 primary lateral branches.

Answer 45

TRUE!!

Question 46

True or False? Taenia saginata has 15 to 20 primary lateral branches.

Answer 46

TRUE !!

Question 47

What are the three main species of Schistosomiasis affecting humans?

Answer 47

* Schistosoma mansoni – sub Saharan Africa and Americas. * Schistosoma haematobium – Africa and Middle East. * S. japonicum - China, the Philippines, and Sulawesi

Question 48

What is the treatment for schistosomiasis?

Answer 48

Praziquantel

Question 49

What is another name for Acute schistosomiasis?

Answer 49

Katayama's fever

Question 50

What are the clinical features of Acute schistosomiasis?

Answer 50

Fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatospenomegaly, and eosinophilia Occasionally CNS lesions occur

Question 51

What are the clinical features of Chronic schistosomiasis?

Answer 51

* Colonic polyposis with bloody diarrhea. * Portal hypertension with haematemesis and splenomegaly. * Pulmonary hypertension * Glomerulonephritis * CNS lesions

Question 52

What is the aetiology of Scabies?

Answer 52

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 53

What is the treatment for Norwegian scabies?

Answer 53

* Topical salicylic acid cream * Topical DDT/benzocain-benzoate preparation for 7 days * Single 200 microgram/Kg dose of ivermectin

Question 54

What is the treatment of Scabies?

Answer 54

5% permethrin cream (Elimite) 1% gamma benzene hexachloride

Question 55

What is the causative agent for head and body lice?

Answer 55

* Pediculus humanus capitis * Pediculus humanus corporis

Question 56

What are diseases transmitted by body lice?

Answer 56

* Epidemic typhus - Rickettsia prowazekii * Trench fever - Bartonella quintana * Epidemic relapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentis 

Question 57

What is the frontline drug for Malaria?

Answer 57

Chloroquine