H2O & H2O Movement Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in H2O & H2O Movement Deck (21)
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1
Q

solvent

A

any LIQUID in which solid/gas will dissolve in

2
Q

solute

A

SOLID/GAS dissolved in solute (liquid)

3
Q

acid

A

e- donates → more protons present

  • readily acquire protons when in contact w/ H2O
  • conc. of H+ ions > OH- ions

(ie) HCl

4
Q

base

A

e- accepts → less protons
- conc. of H+ ions > OH- ions

(ie) NaOH

5
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules/ions from 1 region a otra

- often movement of high conc. to low conc. & vice versa

6
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference across space (e.g., across a membrane) in the concentration of a dissolved substance

7
Q

H2O properties

A

(1) high electronegativity
(2) high surface tension
(3) high specific heat
(4) high capacity to store energy
(5) neutral pH of 7
(6) can be weak acid or weak base
(7) H-bonds (strongest IM force)
(8) H-bonds make possible for almost any charged or polar molecule to dissolve in H2O
(9) polar
(10) denser solid form than liquid form
(11) bent molecule

8
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of low solute conc. (high H2O conc.) to region of high solute conc. (low H2O conc.)

9
Q

cohesion

A

attraction btwn LIKE molecules
- no cohesion = H2O vaporize

(ie) cause H2O to form rain droplets when falling

10
Q

adhesion

A

attraction btwn UNLIKE molecules

(ie) causes meniscus

11
Q

surface tension

A

cohesive force causing molecules @ liquid surface to stick juntos & resist deformation of liquid’s surface, thus minimize its surface area

(ie) how insects can walk on H2O

12
Q

pH

A

measurement of conc. of protons in solution (acidity or alkalinity)

pH= -log[H+]

13
Q

pH significance to biological systems

A

(1) normal fcn of cell depend on maintaining neutral internal environment
(2) buffers help create homeostasis
(3) determines living from nonliving

14
Q

buffer

A

compounds that minimize pH changes

  • reduce impact of adding acids/bases in overall pH of solution
  • most buffers = weak acids
  • resist [H+] change in conc.

(ie) phosphate & proteins

15
Q

hypertonic

A

HIGH outside conc, inside LOWER conc
- homeostasis: water leaves, vesicle shrinks, membrane shrivels = lower vesicle firmness

“lower tone”

16
Q

hypotonic

A

LOW outside conc, inside solution HIGH conc.
- incoming water cause vesicle to swell -> increase firmness, or even burst

“excess tone”

17
Q

isotonic

A

solute conc. equal on both sides of membrane
- liposomes maintains size

“equal tone”

18
Q

specific heat

A

energy needed to ∆T

  • neg. energy to ↑↓ 1gm of X 1˚C
  • break H-bonds b4 rate of movement change

(ie) help maintain body homeostasis, esp. during exercise

19
Q

heat of vaporization

A

when H-bonds break & take off

  • energy need to change phase
  • neg. energy to change 1gm of X 1˚C

(ie) heat lost via perspiration

20
Q

pH properties

A

(1) low = acid
(2) high = base
(3) large [H+] conc. = base
(4) small [H+] conc = acidic

21
Q

importance of acids & bases

A

charge contributes to how molecules interact

(ie) regulation of gene translation