H3W2

Question 1

_______, who occupied Jerusalem, allowed Jews and Christians to live and travel there for 400 years.

Answer 1

Muslims

Question 2

However, the _______ conquered Jerusalem and threatened the city of _______.

Answer 2

Seljuk Turks

Constantinople

Question 3

_______ called for the first Crusade in AD _______

Answer 3

Pope Urban II

1095

Question 4

Two months after they reached and besieged Jerusalem in AD _______, the Crusaders entered and slaughtered the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.

Answer 4

1099

Question 5

The Crusades strengthened contacts between the Crusaders and the sophisticated and learned civilization of _______ and the _______.

Answer 5

Byzantine

Muslims

Question 6

By AD 1187, Muslims had recaptured _______; during the AD 1200 they reclaimed control of _______.

Answer 6

Jerusalem

Palestine

Question 7

The Crusades increased the power of kings and decreased the power of nobles and their system of _______.

Answer 7

feudalism

Question 8

Western Europe saw an increase in the _______ of spices, sugar, silk, and other luxury items.

Answer 8

trade

Question 9

Also, increasingly sophisticated _______ entered Europe in the form of ships, navigational aids, and military skills and equipment.

Answer 9

technology

Question 10

pope who called for the First Crusade in 1095

Answer 10

Urban II

Question 11

holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Answer 11

Jerusalem

Question 12

leader who united Muslim forces, retook Jerusalem, and defended it against the Christians

Answer 12

Saladin

Question 13

successful attack on Jerusalem by Christians from Europe

Answer 13

First Crusade

Question 14

city where Christian forces joined together before marching south to Antioch

Answer 14

Constantinople

Question 15

the leader of the Byzantine Empire in the late 1000s was

Answer 15

Christian

Question 16

What occurred during the Second Crusade?

Answer 16

the Seljuks easily fought off the Christian Crusaders

Question 17

Countries that were represented by kings at the Third Crusades.

Answer 17

England, France, Germany

Question 18

Jerusalem was occupied by Christians for how many years?

Answer 18

88

Question 19

Effects of Crusades

Answer 19

1. less isolation for western Europe
2. more contact between Europe and the Muslims
3. increase demand for luxury goods

Question 20

What four changes led to an increase in agricultural productivity?

Answer 20

1. invention of heavier plow
2. mass migration of nobles and freeholders to new areas
3. collar harness made it possible to use the horse for plowing
4. the three-field system of planting

Question 21

What was the location, construction, and one eventual result of the medieval towns?

Answer 21

location - near road and waterways where there were a lot of activities
construction - stone walls; narrow, winding streets; wooden buildings; poor sanitation
result - Black Death; guilds; increase in trades; larger middle class; more education; increase in power for town

Question 22

What replaced the barter system?

Answer 22

money economy

Question 23

What was the main function of a guild?

Answer 23

1. protected merchants from outside competition

2. regulated the work of artisans

Question 24

Who were the new middle-class burgesses, and what was their effect on the structure of medieval society?

Answer 24

merchants, bankers, and artisans who lived in the city;

they set up municipalities and gained power over lords and kings

Question 25

What were three of the subjects taught in the new universities?

Answer 25

Roman law, works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, Islamic writing

Question 26

What did scholasticism teach?

Answer 26

emphasized reason as represented by classical philosophy and faith as by represented by the Bible and tried to reconcile the two

Question 27

What is vernacular literature as opposed to Latin literature?

Answer 27

literature written in the language spoken in the language of the country

Question 28

What were four characteristics of the new Gothic cathedrals?

Answer 28

1. flying buttresses 2. thinner halls 3. stained-glass windows 4. pointed arches 5. higher ceilings 6. more open interiors

Question 29

people in universities who used Aristotle and reason to reconcile philosophy with religious teachings

Answer 29

scholastics

Question 30

epidemic that killed many people, especially those in towns

Answer 30

Black Death

Question 31

medieval towns where guilds operated

Answer 31

burgs

Question 32

groups of towns in Italy that were joined and became independent states

Answer 32

communes

Question 33

gatherings of merchants who came together to trade goods

Answer 33

fairs

Question 34

Merchants in the Late Middle Ages became involved in all of the following EXCEPT a. increased trade with the Middle East b. a money economy c. the barter system d. councils to administer town affairs

Answer 34

c. the barter system

Question 35

All of the following were goods that increased in availability due to the expansion of trade EXCEPT a. spices b. silk c. oxen d. silver

Answer 35

c. oxen

Question 36

One function of the craft guilds was to

Answer 36

regulate the work of their members

Question 37

A medieval romance could be best described as

Answer 37

a story about knights and ladies

Question 38

Buildings that had large, heavy arches, close-set columns, and tiny windows set in thick walls were called

Answer 38

Romanesque