H7 Religion & Education Flashcards
(34 cards)
How powerful was the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
It dominated Europe; the Pope could make or break kings.
Was the Pope’s power still strong during Henry VIII’s time?
It was weakening, but the Church still played a huge local role.
How did the Church affect daily life?
It shaped free time, holidays, and provided spiritual and practical support.
How was the Church organised?
Pope → Cardinals → Archbishops → Bishops → Priests.
How many provinces and dioceses was the English Church divided into?
Two provinces (Canterbury and York) and 17 dioceses.
How did the Church help the ruling elite?
It encouraged obedience, good behaviour, and reinforced social values.
Could the Church offer a path for social advancement?
Yes, through positions in the clergy.
Who typically held top political roles like Chancellor under Henry VII?
Clergymen like John Morton and Richard Fox—trained, skilled, and loyal.
What were the Seven Sacraments?
Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Anointing the Sick, Penance, Holy Orders, Eucharist.
What is transubstantiation?
The belief that bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ during Mass.
What is Corpus Christi?
A celebration of the Eucharist, emphasising transubstantiation.
What were chantries?
Chapels where masses were held for the souls of the dead.
What were confraternities (religious guilds)?
Groups raising money for funerals and parish needs.
What was the purpose of pilgrimages?
To gain relief from time in purgatory.
How did people maintain personal contact with God?
Through prayer, pilgrimage, and church rituals.
Who were the monks and what percent of the population were they?
Men living in monasteries; about 1% of adult males.
What were friars?
Preachers supported by donations.
What were nunneries like?
Less respected, often housed women considered ‘unsuitable for marriage’.
Who founded Lollardy and what did they believe?
John Wycliffe; he wanted the Bible in English, opposed transubstantiation, and rejected priestly hierarchy.
Where did Lollardy survive?
Southern England, especially Buckinghamshire and Berkshire.
What happened to Lollard support after 1414?
Declined after a failed uprising.
What was the punishment for heresy after 1401?
Burning of heretics (though rare).
Where did humanism originate?
Florence, Italy, as part of the Renaissance.
What was Christian humanism?
Applying humanist ideas to religion, especially scripture.
