HA exam 4 Flashcards by Chaney Heath

Goodell’s sign

cervix softens at 4-6 weeks

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Chadwick’s signs

cervix and vaginal mucosa has a cyanotic appearance at 8-12 weeks

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Hegar’s signs

isthmus of the uterus softens at 6-8 weeks

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What is the early sign of labor?

Dislodging of the mucous plug

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Dypareunia

pain with sexual intercoarse

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What can a late start of first period be a sign of?

an endocrine problem, underweight, or very athletic females

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How long does a normal cycle typically last?

18-45 days

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Amenorrhea

absent menses

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Menorrhea

heavy menses

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dysmenorrhea

pain, cramping with menses

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Gravida

number of pregnancies

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Para

number of births

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abortions

interrupted pregnancies (elective or spontaneous)

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What is an example of a permission type statement?

“Often girls your age experience…”

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Where do the penis and scrotum lymph drain to?

the ingiunial lymph nodes

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What is rugae?

thin skin folded on top of itself

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What is the cremaster muscle?

pull or pushes the testes as a response to temperature

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Where does the testes lymph drain to?

the abdomen

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At birth what size should the testes be?

1.5 - 2 cm long and 1 cm wide

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cryptochidism

undescended testes

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What are the first signs of puberty in boys?

enlargement of testes
pubic hair
penis enlargement

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When you see both urine frequency and urgency what could this be an indicator of?

UTI

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Red urine indicates…

cancer, cystitis, nephritis, common following prostate surgery

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Tea colored urine indicates…

liver disease, may accompany jaundice, or blood

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Cloudy urine can indicate...

UTI, kidney stones

Clear, pale yellow urine can indicate...

normal finding

amber color urine can indicate...

dehydration

If there appears to be a bulge when a patient strains what could this be an indicator of?

a hernia

Normal finding of the unguinal lymph nodes

an isolated node <1cm, soft, discrete, nontender and moveable

Abnormal finding of the inguinal lymph nodes

enlarged, hard, matted, fixed nodes

Testicular Self Examination

T= timing, once a month S= shower, warm water relaxes scrotal E=examine, check for changes, report changes immediately

Cooper's ligaments

help connect breast tissue to the chest wall

Where are the central axillary nodes located?

high up in the middle of axilla, receives lymph from the other three groups

Where are the pectoral nodes located?

just inside the anterior axillary fold

Where are the subscapular nodes located?

deep into the posterior axillary folds

Where are the lateral nodes located?

along the humerus inside the upper arm

Where does most of the lymph in the body drain to?

the ipsilateral axillary nodes (meaning same side)

What is the only thing present in the breasts at birth?

just the lactiferous ducts

When are the breasts the smallest size during the cycle?

4 to 7 days of menses

What is mastalgia?

pain or tenderness in the breasts

What is galactorrhea?

milky substance in non-breast feeding patients. This is a symptoms and not a disease itself

What can retraction or fixation of the breasts indicate?

fibrosis from neoplasms

What is the best choice for palpating the breasts?

the vertical strip pattern

What is a fibroadenoma?

a solitary non-tender mass, type of benign breast disease; feels solid firm, rubbery, and elastic; move freely

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

personality, behavior, emotion, intellect

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

sensation

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

hearing, taste, smell

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

visual reception

Wernicke's area

speech comprehension

Broca's area

speech production

Where are the herberden's nodes located?

the knuckle closest to the finger nail

Where are bouchard's nodes located?

the knuckle in the middle of the finger

What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid is an autoimmune disease that effects people when they are younger til they are older and osteoarthritis is because of wear and tear of the joints

What is effusion?

excess joint fluid. (sprained ankle)

What is subluxation?

partial dislocation of a joint (pops out and comes back in on its own)

What is contracture?

shortening of the muscle from lack of use

What is ankylosis?

stiffness or fixation of a joint. can only extend to a certain point or cant extend at all

What are some causes of carpel tunnel syndrome?

occupation (typing, machinery that vibrates), injury, pregnancy, metabolic disorders.

What is an aura?

a warning sign of a seizure

What is a test you can preform in the clinical setting to see if the cerebellum is functioning properly?

Tandem walk: heel to toe Romberg test: holding hands out to the side

Kinesthesia

pt closes eyes and identifies which direction their finger is moving

stereognosis

identifies familiar object just off of touch

graphesthesia

writing a letter or number of the pts palm and having them identify what you wrote

What is a normal finding of the rooting reflex?

baby turns head when finger touching cheek.

Plantar and palmar grasp

holding on to

tonic neck

"fencing pose" head moves one way and the opposite arm curls up

moro reflex

starle reflex

What is a normal finding for the babinski reflex in babies and in adults?

babies: fanning of the toes adults: curling of the toes

Decorticate posturing

-rigid and extended legs -pointed and turned in toes -arms bent toward center of body -curled wrists and balled hands against chests

Decerebrate positioning

-rigid and extended legs -pointed and turned in toes -flexed wrists -curled fingers -straight, tense arms that are parallel to the body

Flaccid quadraplegia

no tone at all, dead weight

Kernig reflex

-knee flexes to 90 degrees and can't straighten

Brudzinski reflex

knees automatically come up w/ head movement

What condition/disease are the kernig and brudzinski reflex a sign of?

Meningitis

HA exam 4 Flashcards

(74 cards)