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Bonus exam > Habal Exam 1 > Flashcards

Habal Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of the gram positive and negative bacteria?

A

Lipoproteines
Peptidoglycan (murein)
Exotoxins
Protein membrane

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2
Q

Gram negative characteristics

A

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)

Outer membrane

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3
Q

Gram positive characteristics

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?

A 
Polysaccharide capsule (antiphagocytic, 5 serotypes - B)
Vaccine does not include B because it is not immunogenic 
Pili (attach to respiratory epithelium)
Lipooligosaccharaide (endotoxin, fever, shock)
IgA protease (invase mucosal surface)
C6-C9 complement deficiency
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5
Q

What a are the clinical manifestations of Neisseria meninigitidis?

A

Meningitis
Nuchal rigidity
Septicemia
Waterhouse-Friedrichesn syndrom (meningiococcemia, adrenal insufficiency, intravascular coagulation)

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6
Q

What are the virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrheae?

A 
Pili (antigenic variation)
Outer membrane proteins (antigenic variation)
Lipooligosaccharide (modified endotoxin) 
IgA protease (invade mucosal surface by hydrolyzing IgA, colonize muscosal membrane)
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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of neisseria gonorrhaea for males?

A

Urethritis (dysuria, purulent discharge)

Rectalitis and proctitis seen in homosexual males

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8
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of neiseria gonorrhaea for females?

A

Endocervicities (vag discharge)

Salpengitis

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9
Q

What are general clinical manifestations for n. gonorrhaea?

A 
Adult conjuctivtis 
Newborn ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis) 
Blindness 
PID (sterility)
Gonococcemia (arthritis)
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10
Q

What are the virulence factors for psuedomonas aeruginosa?

A 
Capsule
Pili
Exotoxin (A = inhibit protein synth causing tissue damage, S = interferes with cell growth)
Phospholipase C (breaks lecthin)
Alginate (forms biofilm) 
Pycocyanin 
Pyoveridin (green)
Elastase (inactivate TNF alpha)
LPS endotoxin
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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for psuedomonas aeruginosa?

A 
3rd most commmon cause of UTI due to indwelling catheters
Pneumonia - hospital and CF pts 
Burn victim infections
Hot tub and pool infections
Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
Ocular infections
Endocarditis
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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for bordetella pertussis?

A 
Polysaccharide capsule 
Outer membrane protein
Trachel cytotosin
Filamentous hemagglutinins (FHA)
Pertussis AB toxin
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13
Q

What does the pertussis toxin do?

A

5 subunits which bind to inhibti chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generations of ROS, inc IgE synth (histamine) and induced apoptosis in macrophages

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14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of bordetella pertussis?

A 
Whooping cough
Rhinorrhea
Malaise
Fever
Sneezing
Anorexia
Leukocytosis
Pneumonia (not common)
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15
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of brucella?

A 
Undulating fever
1-3 week incubation 
Fever 
Weight loss
Rising and falling fever pattern
Lymphadenopathy 
Maybe hepatosplenomegaly
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16
Q

Which type of brucella is more severe? Melitenesis or abortus?

A

Melitenesis

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17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of francisella tularensis?

A

Ulceroglandular (ulcers at site of exposure and adenopathy and draining lymph nodes)
Glandular typhoidal (adeopathy no ulcers)
Oculoglandular
Oropharyngeal

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18
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of pasturella multocida?

A

Localized ulcerating infections
Rapidly spreading cellulitis
Maybe osteomyelitis, bacteremia, pneumonia

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19
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Compromised CMI
Typeable - HIB, infant meningitis, pneumonia, quellung
Non-typeable - otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, conjunctivitis

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20
Q

What are the virulence factor for Yesinia pestis?

A 
Capsular antigen F1
Yersinia outer membrane protein
V and W antigens
Activated at 37 degrees C
Coagulase by flea at 25 degrees C
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21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Yesinia pestis?

A

Bubonic plague
Bubo
Pneumonic Plague
Septecemic plague

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22
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of bacteroides fragilis?

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A 
Most common cause of intra-abdominal infections
Peritonitis
Diverticulitis
Post-op abdominal abcesses
Kids 1 - 5 diarrhae 
Beta lactamase resistance
23
Q

How do you get Camplyobactor jejuni?

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A

Fecal-oral transmission

Undercooked Poultry

24
Q

Virulence factors for Camplyobactor jejuni

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A

Flagellum (bipolar)
Adhesions
Enterotoxin (cholera like, watery diarrhea)

25
What are the clinical manifestations of Camplybactor jejuni?
Gastroenteritis | Guillain Barre Syndrome (possible O-antigen cross rxn with Schwann cells)
26
What are the clinical manifestation of Helocobactor pylori?
Gastritis Peptic ulcer disease GERD (Not associated with bacteremia)
27
Virulence factors for Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera toxin (hear labile, 6 subunits) Watery diarrhae Similar to pertussis toxin
28
What are the clinical manifestations of Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera (contaminated food or water) Perfuse watery non-bloody diarrhea - colorless, odorless, no blood Loss of potassium - cardiac arrhytmias Loss of carbonic acid - metabolic acidosis
29
What are the virulence factors for Enterobacteriaceae?
``` Flagella Capsule K and Vi antigen LPS or endotoxin O polysaccharide Polysaccharide core Lipid A Outer membrane Periplasmic space Lipoprotein Pili ```
30
What are the clinical manifestations of E. Coli?
``` UTI (acute cystitis, pyelonephritis) Gastroenteritis Neonatal meningitis Hemolytic uremin syndrome (O157:H7) Diarrhae ```
31
What are the virulence factors for Klebsiella?
Encapsulated | LPS endotoxin and enterotoxin
32
What are the clinical factors of Klebsiella?
``` Lobar pneumonia (malnourish, hospitalized, VA) UTI and septicemia ```
33
What are the clinical manifestations for Serratia marcecens?
Nosocomial UTIs Catheter septicemia Burn infections
34
What are the clinical manifestations of Proteus?
``` Nosocomial infections P. miribilis majority UTIs - urease production Renal stones Pyelonephritis and cystitis ```
35
What are the clinical manifestations of Morganella morganii?
UTI Diarrhea Ear and sinus infection Nosocomial infections
36
What are the clinical manifestations of Slamonella?
Gasteroenteritis Typhoid fever (enteric fever) Rose spots, macular rash Intestinal hemorrhage
37
What are the four types of Shigella?
S. sannei (most common industrial world + US) S. flexneri (developing countries) S. boydii S. dysenteriae (most pathogenic)
38
Virulence factors for Shigella
``` Shiga toxin (S. dysentariae) AB toxin (B binds to glycosides, 60S ribosomal subunit) ```
39
What are the clinical manifestations of Shigella?
Shigellosis Early - diarrhea, enterotoxic Late - dysentery w/ blood, cyotoxic
40
Which gram negative bacteria uses a lactose fermenter test?
E. coli Klebsiella Enterobacter Maybe citrobacter
41
Which gram negative bacteria uses a H2S+ test?
Proteus Salmonella Citrobactoer
42
What gram negative bacteria uses a non-motile test?
Klebsiella | Shigella
43
What gram negative bacteria uses Voges-Proskauer+ test?
Klebsiella Enterbacter Serratia
44
What gram neg bacteria uses urease test?
Proteus Morganella Helicobacter Yersinia
45
What gram neg bacteria uses motility test?
Proteus (swarming) | Morganella
46
What gram neg bacteria uses indole test?
E. coli
47
What gram neg bacteria uses oxidase test?
Vibronacae Helicobactor C. jejuni
48
What gram neg bacteria uses catalase test?
Helicobacter | C. jejuni
49
What gram neg bacteria uses glucose fermentation test?
Bacteroides
50
What gram neg bacteria uses latex aggluntination test?
H. influenzae
51
What gram neg bacteria uses counterimmunoelectrophoresis?
H. influenzae
52
What gram neg bacteria uses flourscent antibody stainning?
H. influenzae
53
What gram neg bacteria uses giemsa and methylene blue stain?
Pasturella mutocida

Bonus exam (15 decks)

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