haem I don't know

Question 1

Treatment of myelofibrosis

Answer 1

only cure is an allogenic stem cell transplant

if symptomatic, give chemotherapy to shrink the spleen and prevent marrow angiogenesis- ruxolitnib or hydroxycarbamide

Question 2

mechanism of myelofibrosis

Answer 2

myeloproliferative disorder- JAK 2 mutation

hyperplasia of megakaryocytes, leading to platelet derived growth factor, stimulating fibroblasts

Question 3

%myelofibrosis that transforms to leukaemia

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

action aspirin

Answer 4

acts on COX 1 preventing thromboxane a2

affects aggregation for full lifespan of platelet

Question 5

treatment of iron deficiency

Answer 5

1. oral iron suppliment
2. iv iron
3. red cell transfusion only if symptomatic at rest

Question 6

how to measure iron levels in blood

Answer 6

serum ferratin

Question 7

blood film- Iron deficience anaemia

Answer 7

microcytosis, hypochromic,

Question 8

neuro complication of b12 deficiency

Answer 8

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, treat with b12 and folate suppliments

Question 9

names of alpha thatassaemia diseases

Answer 9

1 missing- trait
3 missing- HbH disease (low mcv and mch)
4 missing- Hb barts hydrops fetalis

Question 10

treatment sickle crisis

Answer 10

analgesia
antihistamine
hydration
antibiotics

if acute chest- give oxygen and spirometry

Question 11

sicke cell aplastic crisis

Answer 11

cessation of RBC production due to parovirus B19

blood film has no reticulocytes

Question 12

causes of intravascular haemolysis

Answer 12

ABO incompatibility
G6PD
Black water fever

Question 13

pathophysiology of anaemia of chronic disease

Answer 13

increased hepcidin
increased cytokies TNF and IL1 and 6
shortened RBC lifespan
blunted EPO

Question 14

where does cold and warm haemolysis occur

Answer 14

warm- exravascular

cold- intravascular in peripheries

Question 15

Haemoglobin tyes present in haemoglobin A1

Answer 15

a2, b2

Question 16

Haemoglobin tyes present in haemoglobin A2

Answer 16

a2, delta2

Question 17

Haemoglobin tyes present in haemoglobin F

Answer 17

a2 and gamma 2

Question 18

HbA1C

Answer 18

A2, b2, glucose

Question 19

genetic abnormality in AML

Answer 19

oncogenic mutations impeding differentiation

Question 20

Blood count resut in CML

Answer 20

Inc wbc
Inc eosin
inc basophil

Question 21

blood film result in AML

Answer 21

auer rods

>30% myeloblasts

Question 22

cells present in hodgekins lymphoma

Answer 22

reed sternberg cells

Question 23

What is R-CHOP

Answer 23

Rituximab

Cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Oncovin (now called vincristine
Prednisolone

Question 24

when is r-chop used

Answer 24

treatment of non-hodgekins lymphoma

Question 25

rituximab mechanism of action

Answer 25

attacks cd20- present on b cells

Question 26

protein found in myeloma

Answer 26

bence jones protein (light chain found in urine)

Question 27

backache and raised ESR

Answer 27

myeloma

Question 28

The oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the right in which of the following scenarios? Hypothermia Respiratory alkalosis Low altitude Decreased 2,3-DPG in transfused red cells Chronic iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 28

iron deficiency anaemia right shifting- CADET face RIGHT ``` C O2 A cidosis 2,3-DPG E xercise T emperature ```

Question 29

what is gilbert's syndrome

Answer 29

Gilbert’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that's hereditary (it runs in families). People with the syndrome have a faulty gene which causes the liver to have problems removing bilirubin from the blood.

Question 30

what is factor 3 also known as

Answer 30

tissue factor

Question 31

what is Bernard soulier syndrome

Answer 31

Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in the platelet glycoprotein complex Ib-IX-V, which would normally bind to von Willebrand factor (vWF) to allow platelet adherence. As vWF cannot bind, platelet adhesion is impaired and patients present with usual symptoms of coagulopathies like abnormal bleeding and bruising.