neuro i don't know

Question 1

treatment parkinsons

Answer 1

only give treatment when symptomatic. no treatments are neuroprotective.

moa-b inhibitor (rasagiline)

carbidopa/ levodopa

dopamine agonsits- rotigotine

anticholinergic agents

amantadine- glutamate antagonist

Question 2

symptoms associated with parkinsons

Answer 2

depression 
fatigue 
cognitive impairment 
autonomic dysfunction 
sleep disturbance

Question 3

complications of levodopa

Answer 3

dyskinesias

Question 4

treatment of psychosis in parkinsons

Answer 4

lozapine

Question 5

mild parkinsons- first line?

Answer 5

rasagilline

Question 6

late stage parkinsons-

Answer 6

rivastigmine

Question 7

diagnosis of parkinsons??

Answer 7

clinical- bradykinesia, resting tremor and ridgidity

Question 8

management of ishchaemic stroke

Answer 8

<4.5 hours- thrombolysis and aspirin after 24 hours

> 4.5 hours- aspirin

Question 9

management haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 9

control bp and supportive care.

Question 10

how long off driving if TIA

Answer 10

1 month is single TIA

multiple TIA- 3 months off driving

Question 11

diagnosis of MS

Answer 11

MRI + IV contrast

olgoclonic IgG bands in CSF.

Question 12

treatment of acute MS

Answer 12

high dose steroid (oral or IV)

Question 13

disease modifying drugs MS.

Answer 13

interferon beta
glatirmer
monoclonal antibody (tysabri, fingolomoid in treatment resistant ).
dimethyl fumarate

Question 14

symptomtic management MS - fatigue

Answer 14

assume other underlyig cause.

do FBC, TSH, B12 and vitamin D levels, as well as a brief sleep history. amantadine

Question 15

complication of interferon beta medications

Answer 15

metabolised throuh the liver- moniter hepatic function.

Question 16

why is glatrimer not used first line

Answer 16

takes 6-9 months for clinical effect.

Question 17

MS uscle pains

Answer 17

baclofen antispasmodic

Question 18

MS antidepressant

Answer 18

amitryptalline

Question 19

MS gait impairment

Answer 19

fampridine

K channel blocker that improves condction in demyelinated pathways

Question 20

alzheimers treatment

Answer 20

ach esterase ihibitors- donepazil and rivastigmine

glutamate inhibitors- memantine.

Question 21

most common cause of death in alzeheimers

Answer 21

bronchopneumonia

Question 22

lewy body dementia treatment

Answer 22

rivastigmine

Question 23

scan to diagnose parkinsons

Answer 23

DAT scan

Question 24

investigation pick’s disease

Answer 24

CT scan

Question 25

What are pick bodies

Answer 25

Tau protein

Question 26

treatment MND

Answer 26

riluzole- Na channel blocker increases liffe expectancy by 3 months

Question 27

definition ALS

Answer 27

damage to upper and lower motor neuron disease- lateral corticospinal tracts.

Question 28

duration of cluster headaches

Answer 28

15 mins

Question 29

Causes of SAH

Answer 29

Bleeding due to trauma, rupture of an aneurysm, and arteriovenous malformation are the main causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 30

managemenrt of epidural haemorrhage

Answer 30

emergency surgical management

Question 31

after 1 seizure, how many are eventually diagnosed with epilepsy

Answer 31

1/4

Question 32

most commonly fractured bone that results in epidural haematoma

Answer 32

temporal

Question 33

hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 33

Hepatic encephalopathy is a central nervous system complication due to acute liver damage and its inability to metabolize ammonia to urea.

Question 34

neurotransmitter causing vasoconstriction in migrine

Answer 34

The neurotransmitter serotonin is increased during a migraine attack and cause vasoconstriction.

Question 35

pupil causing RAPD in MS

Answer 35

Marcus gunn pupil

Question 36

????, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist, treats spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

Answer 36

Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist, treats spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

Question 37

where is pain percieved in the brain

Answer 37

the insula lobe

Question 38

name for the connection between spinal cord and the dorsum of the coccyx

Answer 38

conus medullaris connects via the filum terminale

Question 39

what forms the denticulte ligament

Answer 39

pia and arachnoid mater

Question 40

at which level does he spinal cord also have a lateral horn

Answer 40

t1-l2 contains preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 41

tectospinal tract

Answer 41

head and neck movement

Question 42

reticulospinal tract

Answer 42

voluntary movement pons- facilitate purposeful movement medulla- inhibit unwanted movement

Question 43

vestibulospinal tract

Answer 43

extensor muscles

Question 44

layers of the cerebellum

Answer 44

molecular purkinje granule

Question 45

where to afferents arrive in the cerebellum

Answer 45

the granule layer

Question 46

where in the cerebellum do efferents leave from

Answer 46

the purkinje layer

Question 47

which cn does not synapse in the thymus

Answer 47

CN 1