Haematology

Question 1

Microcytic anaemia

Answer 1

IDA, Thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia

Question 2

Normocytic anaemia

Answer 2

Anaemia of chronic disease, Acute blood loss, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, bone marrow failure, renal failure, Haemolysis

Question 3

Macrocytic anaemia

Answer 3

B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, alcohol, reticulocytosis, cytotoxics, myelodysplastic syndromes, marrow infiltration, hypothyroidism, antifolate drugs

Question 4

Haemolytic anaemia

Answer 4

Reticulocytes >100, mild macrocytosis, ⬇️haptoglobin, ⬇️bilirubin

Question 5

⬇️iron, ⬆️TIBC, ⬇️Ferritin

Answer 5

IDA

Question 6

⬇️iron, ⬇️TIBC, ⬆️ferritin

Answer 6

Anaemia of chronic disease

Question 7

⬆️iron, ⬇️TIBC, ⬆️ferritin

Answer 7

haemochromatosis

Question 8

Direct Coombs test

Answer 8

Autoimmune causes of haemolytic anaemia

Question 9

Indirect Coombs test

Answer 9

pre-natal and before blood transfusions

Question 10

Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia

Coombs +ve

Answer 10

Drug induced, autoimmune (warm, cold)

Question 11

Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia (Coombs -ve)

Answer 11

AI hep, hep b and c, drugs

Question 12

Microangiopathic haemolytic syndrome causes

Answer 12

HUS, DIC, TTP, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia

Question 13

Hereditary cause of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 13

G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, sickle cell, thalassaemia

Question 14

Vaso-occlusive crisis

Answer 14

microvascular crisis, bone pain, dactylitis (<3y), abdo pain - mesenteric ischaemia, CNS infarction

Question 15

Aplastic crisis

Answer 15

Parovirus B19, self limiting

Question 16

Sequestrian crisis

Answer 16

occlusion in spleen, pooling of blood with organomegaly. severe anaemia and shock
rx - urgent transfusion

Question 17

Acute chest syndrome

Answer 17

pulm infiltrates involving complete lung segments

iv abx

Question 18

Blood transfusion reactions

Answer 18

GOT A BAD UNIT
graft vs host, overload, thrombocytopenia, alloimmunization, BP unstable, AHR, DHR, Uticaria, neutrophilia, infection, TRALI

Question 19

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Answer 19

Reed Sternberg cells, ABVD

Question 20

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

extra nodal disease

Answer 20

Gastric MALT (h pylori and non h pylori), waldeyers ring, bone, CNS, lung

Question 21

Myeloma

Answer 21

CRAB - hypercalcaemia, renal failure, anaemia, bone lesions

Question 22

⬆️RBC

Answer 22

Polycythemia vera

Question 23

⬆️WBC

Answer 23

CML

Question 24

⬆️Platelets

Answer 24

Essential thrombocythaemia

Question 25

⬆️fibroblasts

Answer 25

myelofibrosis

Question 26

Thrombophilia

Answer 26

APC resistance, protein c and s deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, antithrombin deficiency, APLS, OCP/HRT, thrombocytosis/polycythaemia

Question 27

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma types (B cell)

Answer 27

follicular, diffuse large B cell, Burkitt's

Question 28

Burkitt's

Answer 28

t(8:14), associated with EBV, highly aggressive extra nodal - Africa (jaw), non-Africa (abdo) starry sky appearance on blood smear

Question 29

Diffuse Large B cell

Answer 29

most common, aggressive

Question 30

Follicular

Answer 30

t(14:18) | smear - packs follicles (centrocytes)