Haematologyy Of The Neonate Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the primary focus of the educational content?
Haematology of the neonate
Covers topics such as developmental haematology, red cell disorders, coagulation disorders, and transfusion therapy.
What is a key feature of neonatal haemopoiesis?
Haemopoiesis occurs in all bones
Stem cells in cord blood are a source for transplant.
What are the sites of haemopoiesis during embryonic development?
- Embryonic yolk sac
- Spleen
- Liver
- Bone marrow
What is the normal platelet count of a neonate at birth?
89 x 10^9/l
At what age do β chain disorders like SS and Thalassaemia major typically become expressed in neonates?
3-6 months after birth
What are the haematological indices for Hb at birth and at 6 months?
- At birth: 16.6 g/dl
- At 6 months: 12.5 g/dl
What is the normal range for WBC in neonates at birth?
10 – 26 x 10^9/l
What type of cells are predominately found in the blood film of neonates?
Immature neutrophil precursors, red cell fragments, target cells, inclusions
What types of neonatal anaemia are identified?
- Blood loss (foeto-maternal, twin-twin, obstetric accidents, internal haemorrhage, iatrogenic)
- Immune (alloimmune and autoimmune)
- Hereditary membrane disorders
- Hereditary enzyme disorders
- Impaired red cell production
What is a common cause of alloimmune neonatal anaemia?
Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (usually RhD)
What is the significance of Hb electrophoresis in neonates?
Detects HbS and β Thalassaemia major, with HbS detectable at 4-6 months
What is the normal adult value for coagulation factor VIII in neonates?
Normal adult values
What coagulation factors are reduced in neonates?
- II
- VII
- IX
- X
- Protein C
- Protein S
- Antithrombin
What is the coagulation test result for PT in neonates?
Prolonged
What are common causes of neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation?
- Hypoxia
- Sepsis
- Maternal/obstetric disorders (e.g., dead twin, placental abruption, severe pre-eclampsia)
What is the platelet transfusion threshold for premature neonates?
Platelets if platelet < 50 x 10^9/l
What treatment is given for autoimmune thrombocytopenia in neonates?
Immunosuppression – steroids or IVIg
What is the expected outcome after treating autoimmune thrombocytopenia in neonates?
Normal platelet count after 3 months as maternal antibodies disappear
What must be considered when interpreting haematological reference ranges?
Age specific context
What is a potential complication of blood component transfusion in neonates?
HIV, TRALI
Fill in the blank: The neonatal platelet count at 4 months should reach _______.
Normal adult values
