Haematuria

Question 1

2 classes of haematuria

Answer 1

Visible/macroscopic

Non-visible/microscopic/dipstick positive

Question 2

Causes of transient/spurious non-visible haematuria

Answer 2

UTI
Menstruation
Vigorous exercise
Sex
Catheterisation

Question 3

Causes of persistent non-visible haematuria

Answer 3

Cancer eg renal, bladder, prostate
Stones
BPH
Urethritis eg chlamydia
Renal causes eg IgA nephropathy, thin basement membrane

Question 4

Red/orange urine w NO BLOOD

Answer 4

Beetroot/rhubarb

Drugs eg rifampicin, doxorubicin

Question 5

When do you need an urgent referral for haematuria

Answer 5

> 45 and either

1) Unexplained visible haematuria w/out UTI or
2) Visible haematuria that persists post UTI

> 60 and unexplained non-visible haematuria and either

1) Dysuria or
2) Raised WBC