Fluid balance

Question 1

Hyperkalaemia is associated with what acid=base state

Answer 1

acidosis

Na/K pump pumps out H ions instead of K and K is retained–> hyperkalaemia

Question 2

Hypokalaemia is associated with what acid=base state

Answer 2

Alkalosis

Question 3

Hyperkalaemia (due to inc INTAKE) cause

Answer 3

Usually parenteral in cause
Acidosis –> hyper
Insulin dec–> hyper (insulin would normally cause inc Na/K ATPase so the K would be pumped out)
Tissue damage–> hyper

Question 4

Hyperkalaemia (due to dec LOSS) cause

Answer 4

Red GFR
Red tubular loss (eg K sparing diuretics, anti-inflamms, ACEIs)

eg AKI

Question 5

Hypokalaemia (inc loss) cause

Answer 5

Gut (diarrhoea)

Kidney (diuretics, Mg deficiency, mineralocorticoid XS)

Question 6

Hypokalaemia (dec uptake) cause

Answer 6

Alcohol

Anorexia

Question 7

Commonest cause of hyperkalaemia at SGH?

Answer 7

Poor venepuncture technique!!
Factitious hyperkalaemia haemolysis

Poor technique causes turbulence and breaks up blood cells–> release K