Haemophilus spp.

Question 1

Facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 35°C to 37°C in a 5% to 7% CO2-enriched atmosphere.

Answer 1

Haemophilus

Question 2

Derived from the Greek word meaning “blood lover”

Answer 2

Haemophilus

Question 3

It was renamed Aggregatibacter segnis.

[haemophilus]

Answer 3

H. segnis

Question 4

It occurs when an organism, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Neisseria spp., PRODUCES V FACTOR as a by-product of metabolism.

Answer 4

Satellitism

Question 5

Occurred primarily in young children. The leading cause of meningitis.

[haemophilus]

Answer 5

H. influenzae

Question 6

NOT all strains of H. influenzae are encapsulated. These strains are commonly referred to as?

[haemophilus]

Answer 6

H. influenzae NTHi

Question 7

(Koch-Weeks bacillus)

[haemophilus]

Answer 7

H. aegyptius

Question 8

It was observed by Koch in 1883 in Egyptians in conjunctivitis exudates—hence the species name.

[haemophilus]

Answer 8

H. aegyptius

Question 9

It is associated with an acute, contagious conjunctivitis/purulent conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as PINK EYE.

[haemophilus]

Answer 9

H. aegyptius

Question 10

It is characterized by RECURRENT OR CONCURRENT conjunctivitis, followed by a sudden onset of high fever, PETECHIAL/PURPURAL rash, septicemia, shock, and vascular collapse.

[haemophilus]

Answer 10

H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius: Brazilian Purpuric Fever (BPF)

Question 11

The causative agent of CHANCROID, a highly communicable sexually transmitted GENITAL ULCER DISEASE (GUD).

[haemophilus]

Answer 11

H. ducreyi

Question 12

It infects the mucosal epithelium, genital and nongenital skin, and regional lymph nodes.

[haemophilus]

Answer 12

H. ducreyi

Question 13

Commonly referred to as SOFT CHANCRE, in contrast with the hard chancre of syphilis.

[haemophilus ducreyi]

Answer 13

Chancroid

Question 14

Sites of infection are on the penis or the labia or within the vagina.

[haemophilus]

Answer 14

H. ducreyi

Question 15

MEN HAVE SYMPTOMS related to the INGUINAL TENDERNESS and genital lesions, whereas most MOST WOMEN ARE ASYMPTOMATIC.

[haemophilus]

Answer 15

H. ducreyi

Question 16

It has been reported in cases of bacteremia, septic arthritis, and peritonitis.

[haemophilus]

Answer 16

H. haemolyticus

Question 17

Appears as PLEOMORPHIC COCCOBACILLI or small rods.

[haemophilus]

Answer 17

H. influenzae

Question 18

Capsules of this Haemophilus may be observed in Gram-stained direct smears as clear, non staining areas (“halos”) surrounding the organisms in purulent secretions.

[haemophilus]

Answer 18

H. influenzae

Question 19

Produce either SMALL PLEOMORPHIC RODS or LONG filamentous forms.

Answer 19

H. parainfluenzae

Question 20

Usually are short to medium-length bacilli.

[haemophilus]

Answer 20

H. parahaemolyticus

Question 21

It is short bacilli but occasionally is seen as filamentous forms.

[A.]

Answer 21

A. aphrophilus

Question 22

Cells are described as “railroad tracks” or “schools of fish” or “fingerprints.

[haemophilus]

Answer 22

H. ducreyi

Question 23

Typically grow on chocolate agar as smooth, flat or convex, buff or slightly yellow colonies.

[cultivation]

Answer 23

Haemophilus spp.

Question 24

[2] Factor are both found in whole blood primarily inside the red blood cells or erythrocytes.

Answer 24

X and V

Question 25

It can be added to ARTIFICIAL BACTERIOLOGIC MEDIA using crystalline hemin. [factor]

Answer 25

X factor

Question 26

Culture of this (haemophilus) should be incubated at 30°C to 33°C in 5% CO2.

Answer 26

H. ducreyi

Question 27

It requires HIGH HUMIDITY, which may be established by placing a sterile gauze pad moistened with sterile water inside the CO2 pouch or vacuum atmospheric chamber [haemophilus]

Answer 27

H. ducreyi

Question 28

Brain– heart infusion (BHI) agar supplemented with hemin (X factor) [quadrant]

Answer 28

Quadrant 1

Question 29

BHI supplemented with IsoVitale X (V factor). [quadrant]

Answer 29

Quadrant 2

Question 30

BHI supplemented with both X and V factors. [quadrant]

Answer 30

Quadrant 3

Question 31

Horse blood agar (X factor) supplemented with V factor. [quadrant]

Answer 31

Quadrant 4

Question 32

An alternative method for differentiating the HEME-PRODUCING species of Haemophilus. [test]

Answer 32

Porphyrin test

Question 33

An acronym consisting of the first initial of each genus represented in the group:

Answer 33

HACEK

Question 34

HACEL stands for

Answer 34

Haemophilus Aggregactibacter Cardiobacterium hominis Eikenella spp. Kingella spp.

Question 35

It is one of the most prevalent species in the HACEK group involved in endocarditis. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 35

A. aprophilus

Question 36

It is found in DENTAL PLAGUE and GINGIVAL SCRAPINGS. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 36

A. aprophilus

Question 37

This organism has also been linked to bone and joint infections. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 37

A. aprophilus

Question 38

It was formerly in the genus Actinobacillus. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 38

A. actinomycetemcomitans

Question 39

Human tissue infections have been attributed to bites by cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses or through contact with these animals. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 39

A. actinomycetemcomitans

Question 40

Individuals with juvenile periodontal disease or other dental disease harbor the organism, and it can cause DESTRUCTION of the ALVEOLAR BONE that supports TEETH in these individuals. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 40

A. actinomycetemcomitans

Question 41

A distinctive “star shape with four to six points” in the center of the colonies is often seen at 48 hours. [aggregatibacter]

Answer 41

A. actinomycetemcomitans

Question 42

[2] spp. of the genus Cardiobacterium.

Answer 42

1. C. hominis 2. C. valvarum

Question 43

It INFECTS the AORTIC VALVE MORE frequently compared with the other HACEK organisms. [cardiobacterium]

Answer 43

Cardiobacterium Hominis

Question 44

On agar, “pitting” can be produced. [cardiobacterium]

Answer 44

C. hominis

Question 45

Member of the normal biota of the oral and BOWEL CAVITIES. [eikenella]

Answer 45

E. corrodens

Question 46

Most infections associated with this organism have been polymicrobial and often occur as a result of trauma, especially after human bites or fights (i.e., “CLENCHED FIST WOUNDS,” or after the skin has been broken by human teeth). [eikenella]

Answer 46

E. corrodens

Question 47

Shows a predilection for ATTACHMENT TO HEART VALVES and causes endocarditis, although it is probably the LEAST COMMON ISOLATE to the HACEK group in adult infections endocarditis. [eikenella]

Answer 47

E. corrodens

Question 48

Recognized as important pathogens in the pediatric population and have a predilection for bones and joints. [HACEK]

Answer 48

Kingella spp.

Question 49

The MOST COMMON CAUSE of OSTEOARTHRITIS infection in CHILDREN younger than 4 years of age. [HACEK]

Answer 49

Kingella spp.

Question 50

A member of the NORMAL OROPHARYNX microbiota, has also been associated with endocarditis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. [kingella]

Answer 50

K. kingae

Question 51

Belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae and includes bacteria previously called DF-1 and DF-2.

Answer 51

Capnocytophaga

Question 52

septicemia, notably in patients with NEUTROPENIA.

Answer 52

Capnocytophaga

Question 53

Blood cultures from patients who have NEUTROPENIA WITH ORAL ULCERS.

Answer 53

Capnocytophaga

Question 54

most common clinical isolate. [capnocytophaga]

Answer 54

C. ochracea

Question 55

[2] Normal inhabitants of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. [capnocytophaga]

Answer 55

C. canimorsus C. Cynodegmi

Question 56

Infection with Pasteurella spp., is a ZOONOSIS a disease that humans acquire from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals.

Answer 56

Pasteurellosis

Question 57

They often occur as the result of FELINE BITES.

Answer 57

Pasteurellosis

Question 58

Infection with bacteria from the genus Brucella, is an important zoonotic disease that is found throughout the world.

Answer 58

Brucellosis

Question 59

Most prevalent species of Brucella.

Answer 59

B. abortus

Question 60

[2] Can be isolated on MTM or Martin-Lewis media from contaminated specimens.

Answer 60

SBA and CHOC agar

Question 61

It has been implicated in most human infections. [Francisella]

Answer 61

F. tularensis

Question 62

A zoonotic disease and has many other names, including rabbit fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever, and water rat trappers’ disease.

Answer 62

Tularemia

Question 63

A highly infectious agent with as few as 50organisms causing an infection through the cutaneous (ulcero glandular) or inhalation (pneumonic) routes and has been the cause of many laboratory-acquired infections. [francisella]

Answer 63

F. tularensis

Question 64

Acceptable specimen in Francisella tularensis.

Answer 64

Blood

Question 65

Via AEROSOLIZED WATER particles or gardening materials.

Answer 65

Legionella

Question 66

The predominant manifestation of Legionnaires’ disease causing a disease sometimes referred to as atypical pneumonia.

Answer 66

Pneumonia

Question 67

The non-pneumonic form of legionellosis.

Answer 67

Pontiac fever

Question 68

May appear as irregular, dry, white “cauliflower-like” colonies that pit the agar or small, circular, tan, moist colonies. [bartonella]

Answer 68

B. henselae

Question 69

heart infusion agar. [bartonella]

Answer 69

B. henselae

Question 70

chocolate agar [bartonella]

Answer 70

B. quintana