HAIs (W33 and 34) Flashcards
G+ cocci in clusters, catalase+, coagulase-, non-haemolytic, small grey colonies causing endocarditis. Whats the organism?
S. epidermidis
What causes low grade endocarditis (3)?
S. epidermidis, viridans streptococci, enterococci
What causes acute endocarditis (2)?
Strep pyogenes, Staph aureus.
How often should an IV catheter be changes?
every 3 days
What does resistance to cefoxitin mean?
methicillin resistance
What are the main side effects of gentamycin?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What is the selective media for pseudomonas?
Cetrimide agar: contains a bromide disinfectant.
What is the gram, growth in O/AnO, growth on HBA, lactose fermentation, pigment of P. aeruginosa?
gram- rod, a- haemolysis, aerobic, lactose non-fermentor (yellow on mac), green pigment
What is the treatement for P. aeruginosa?
Synthetic penecillin (eg pipercillin) and beta lactamase inhibitor (eg tazobarium).
What 4 pieces of information are required to design a sterilization process with an agent for an instrument?
- Type and level of contamination of instrument
- Rate of biocidal action of technique: D value
- Level of sterility assurance required
- Will the instrument survive the process?
What is a common antibiotic to precipitate C. difficile infection?
Gentamicin
What is the presentation of C. difficile infection?
Pseudomembranous colitis: cramping abdo pain, watery, foul-smelling stools + for RBCs and neutrophils.
Why do you not normally try and culture C. difficile?
It’s a strict anaerobe, and it’s difficult to obtain a faeces specimen anaerobically.
What is the treatment for C. difficile?
metronidazole
What is the biggest infectious concern in solid organ transplant?
CMV
