half-term 2- pg 22-33- DNA and Genetics

Question 1

inherit

Answer 1

derive a feature or characteristic for from parents

Question 2

trait

Answer 2

a characteristic

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

a piece of DNA that contains genes

Question 4

identical twins

Answer 4

twins that developed from a single egg and share the same genetic information

Question 5

conjoined twins

Answer 5

twins that are physically joined at birth, sometimes sharing organs or limbs

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

deoxyribonucleic acid- the molecule in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

a selection of DNA that controls an inherited feature

Question 8

base

Answer 8

chemicals DNA is made up of

Question 9

double helix

Answer 9

the structure of the DNA molecule, like a twisted ladder

Question 10

biotechnology

Answer 10

the use of living organisms to make useful products

Question 11

forensic science

Answer 11

the scientific method of collecting and examining scientific information about events in the past

Question 12

genetic disorder

Answer 12

a disorder caused by a fault in one or more genes

Question 13

DNA profile

Answer 13

an analysis of a person’s DNA to show the sequence of bases

Question 14

karyotype

Answer 14

the number and appearance of the chromosomes in a cell nucleus

Question 15

trisomy, and example

Answer 15

a chromosomal disorder characterised by an extra chromosome, e.g. Down’s syndrome

Question 16

clone

Answer 16

a living thing that is genetically identical to its parent

Question 17

asexual reproduction, and example

Answer 17

reproduction without sex, involving one parent, e.g. taking cuttings of plants

Question 18

nuclear transfer

Answer 18

a form of cloning where the genetic material is removed from an unfertilised egg and is replaced with the nucleus from the organism to be cloned

Question 19

extinction

Answer 19

the process of a species dying out

Question 20

endangered species

Answer 20

a species that is so few in number that the species could become extinct

Question 21

gene bank

Answer 21

a store of genetic material (such as seeds) that can be used in the future to grow more organisms

Question 22

mass extinction

Answer 22

the extinction of a large number of species at the same time

Question 23

what 3 variations are caused by parents passing on their features to their offspring?

Answer 23

the variation in shape, size and colour of living things

Question 24

what are 3 examples of traits in humans?

Answer 24

• eye colour
• blood types
• freckles

Question 25

why do brother and sisters with the same parents inherit different features?

Answer 25

only half of each the mothers and fathers chromosomes are used. one from each pair. there for each cell contains a random mix of the parents genetic information.

Question 26

how do identical twins occur?

Answer 26

when one egg is fertilised by one sperm. the egg divides into two halves, this is a random occurrence. if the egg does not split entirely after twelve days, this results in conjoined twins.

Question 27

is having twins genetic?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what is DNA short for?

Answer 28

deoxyribonucleic

Question 29

why do organisms differ?

Answer 29

they have different genes

Question 30

how many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 30

23 pairs, 46

Question 31

what does a DNA molecule consist of?

Answer 31

two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder

Question 32

Name the four bases an their pairs

Answer 32

- A, T, C, G - A always pairs with T - C always pairs with G

Question 33

what was Wilkins idea

Answer 33

studying DNA using the technique of X-rays crystallography, firing X-rays at the DNA

Question 34

explain how DNA is in food we eat

Answer 34

there is DNA in all foods

Question 35

what happens to DNA when a person dies or it is heated?

Answer 35

it dentures, broken up by enzymes and acid in the gut and some with pass through as faeces

Question 36

what does DNA extraction enable a scientist to do?

Answer 36

- detect genetic disorders - produce fingerprints - create genetically altered organisms

Question 37

name three sources of DNA found at a crime scene

Answer 37

blood saliva hair skin

Question 38

which part of the egg an sperm cell fuse together?

Answer 38

the nucleus of them both

Question 39

how does a genetic disorder occur?

Answer 39

during the creation of sex cells and embryos, errors sometimes happen and individuals are born with additional or missing chromosomes.

Question 40

what are three symptoms of trisomy 21?

Answer 40

broad flat face thick tongue small nose

Question 41

What is an example of cloning in plants

Answer 41

Spider plant has small plants dangling from the end of the runners coming from the parent plant

Question 42

Examples of aesexual reproduction in animals

Answer 42

Sea anemone Hydra Starfish

Question 43

How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

Answer 43

- only one parent is needed - large numbers of offspring can be made very quickly - favoured features can be passed on - no fusion of sex cells