Hamburg Bremmen Flashcards
The relationship between Hamburg-Bremen and the Scandinavian church (37 cards)
Bishop of Ramesloh
Gottskalk appointed to the see of Skara but refused to go
Birka
Adalbert appointed a bishop for Birka after it ceased to be a trade centre in 975
Sven Estridssen
Enraged when Adalbert demanded he leave his wife, threatened to destroy Hamburg-Bremen. In 1052/3 they were reconcile though Adalbert resisted Svein’s request for an Archbishopric, requesting that he be raised to the dignity of a primateship before he would consent.
Harald Bluetooth
bishops came from HB, Sven Forkbeard replaced them with English bishops. Cnut the Great reconciles with HB to marry his daughter to the Emperor’s son.
998-1050s
Hamburg-Bremen’s authority was not recognised in Denmark but they maintained a succession of non-resident bishops of Schleswig.
Olaf Skotkonung
might have been baptised in Vastergotland by an English bishop named Sigfrid.
1065
Adalbert attempted to call a synod of the northern bishops at Schleswig but there was no response.
Rival bishops
Adalbert had bishops Asgaut and Bernhard arrested and punished for having been consecrated as bishops of Norway by the Pope.
Archbishop Unwan took bishop Gerbrand captive after his consecration by Archbishop AElnoth of Canterbury.
1066
Slavic revolt resulted in the murder and sacrifice of two bishops associated with HB.
Steinkil died and all HB bishops in Sweden return home.
Adalbert banished from the German court.
Billunger dukes besiege the Archbishop in Bremen, he divides lands between them.
Adalbert lives the rest of his life ‘privatus, solitarius et quietus.’
Early churches
built at the direction of landowners: 11th century rune stone at Oddernes, Norway: “Eyvind, St. Olaf’s godson, made this church on his family farm.”
Royal churches
under direct supervision of a bishop, episcopal control over private churches was not extended until the 12th century.
B. Sawyer
Sees of Odense, Roskilde and Lund all served well-defined regions, they may once have been politically independent units.
Skre
argues that in Norway, churchmen were under the direct protection of the king and travelled as part of his entourage (10th/ 11th). Olaf Tryggvason was allegedly accompanied by a bishop and priests when he left for England in 995; Bishop Grimkell is associated with his successor, Olaf Haraldsson.
Itinerant bishops
Adam of Bremen describes bishops ‘going about the region’
1103/4
Lund is made archbishopric of Scandinavia. According to the Necrologium Lundense the first archbishop was Asser who may have masterminded the whole thing (he governed Denmark with the king’s son Harald Kesje in his absence).
Keyser
The Norwegian church was “entirely the daughter of the English church”
Church structure in Norway
laid out by the Gulaþing laws and based on the ecclesiae baptismales which existed in Anglo-Saxon England.
church styles (Norway)
Western= Anglo-Norman. East= Germano-Danish
Reorganisation of the Danish church
c.1059- influence from Bremen and Germany. Martyrology of Lund 1137-8 based on a Carolingian model. The most recent addition was Godehard of Hildesheim, canonised 1131, suggesting German influence.
St. Willehad
Cult centred on the cathedral of Viborg and popular in Jylland. Willehad connected to Bremen, never evangelised in Denmark so cult introduced by the first bishop of Viborg, Herbert (Bremen)
Abrams
argues that before the establishment of the cathedral priory at Odense (1095) there had been a bishop and church attached to the king’s palace.
Attempt to establish a suffragan at Sigtuna
failed because there was already an English bishop Osmund there
Gesta Bk.III
“The Archbishop sent (Harladr Harðraða) letters, rebuking him for his tyrannical presumption… in particular… about the bishops which he had unlawfully consecrated in Gaul or England, in contempt of the archbishop himself.”
New diocesan structure under Cnut
c.1021. 4 bishoprics, one each in Jylland, Fyn, Sjælland and Skane. Bishops consecrated by the archbishop of Canterbury. Cnut recognised German authority for a short time around 1030 during negotiations with king Conrad II over the mark of Schleswig. Payment of Peter’s pence to Rome indicates independence.
