Hamilton Lectures

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The whole range of biochemical processes that occur within a living organism.
- Consists of anabolism (the build up of substances) and catabolism (the breakdown of substances

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Generate chemical energy by degradation/oxidation of fuel molecules

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Biosynthetic, use chemical energy and reducing power NADH, to combine precursors to form complex molecules

Question 4

Oxidation

Answer 4

Transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Question 5

NAD

Answer 5

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 6

Degradation/oxidation of fuel molecules to generate free energy: 3 stages

Answer 6

I: Digestion and hydrolysis - Breaking down of complex molecules
II: Conversion – Breaking down to 2-, 3-carbon compounds and acetyl CoA
III: Oxidation – Oxidation of acetyl CoA via citric acid cycle and electron flow to O2 via NADH

Question 7

What stage of generating free energy produces lots of ATP

Answer 7

Stage III

Question 8

The fate of nutrients

Answer 8

Oxidation
Storage
Conversion

Question 9

Where is glucose stored? Stored as what?

Answer 9

Liver/muscles - as glycogen

Question 10

Lactose

Answer 10

Galactose + glucose

Question 11

Sucrose

Answer 11

Fructose + glucose

Question 12

Blood glucose: controlled by two hormones

Answer 12

Insulin and glucagon

• Too high: insulin secreted into blood from the pancreas
• Too low: glucagon released: Glycogen converted to glucose

Question 13

Diabetes Type 1

Answer 13

Deficiency of insulin

Question 14

Citric acid cycle: location

Answer 14

Mitochondrial Matrix