Hana Buzzwords - Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What is Gingival Hypertrophy associated with?

Answer 1

Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums → Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

What does Bird beak appearance indicate?

Answer 2

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

What signs are positive in acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Question 4

What is the mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 4

I GET SMASHED: Idiopathic, Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings, Hyperlipidaemia/hypothermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs

Question 5

What does a positive Murphy’s sign indicate?

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

What symptoms indicate biliary obstruction?

Answer 6

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Question 7

What are the signs of portal hypertension + ascites?

Answer 7

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Question 8

What conditions are associated with Pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum?

Answer 8

Crohn’s/UC

Question 9

What does ‘Tinkling bowel sounds’ indicate?

Answer 9

Bowel obstruction

Question 10

What are the symptoms of Coeliac Disease?

Answer 10

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Question 11

What does Virchow’s node indicate?

Answer 11

Gastric cancer

Question 12

What test is used for H pylori detection?

Answer 12

Urea breath test

Question 13

What does the 13C breath test indicate?

Answer 13

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

What type of stools are associated with vibrio cholera?

Answer 14

“Rice-water”-like stools

Question 15

What indicates Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?

Answer 15

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 16

What indicates Autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 16

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 17

What does Alpha Feto Protein assay indicate?

Answer 17

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)?

Question 18

What does ‘Cobblestone mucosa’ indicate?

Answer 18

Deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa found in Crohn’s Disease

Question 19

What diuretic is used for ascites due to cirrhosis?

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

What does Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow indicate?

Answer 20

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

What symptoms indicate Campylobacter infection?

Answer 21

Severe abdo pain + D after raw milk

Question 22

What does Russell’s sign indicate?

Answer 22

Self induced vomiting

Question 23

What are Mallory’s hyaline bodies associated with?

Answer 23

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

What does Crypt abscess / cryptitis indicate?

Answer 24

Inflammatory Bowel ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Question 25

What does Onion skinning fibrosis and beading of bile ducts indicate?

Answer 25

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 26

What are 'Signet Ring' cells seen on biopsy indicative of?

Answer 26

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

What does Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly indicate?

Answer 27

Ischaemic colitis

Question 28

What is Charcot’s triad?

Answer 28

Fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to acute cholangitis.

Question 29

What are the causes for abdominal mass?

Answer 29

A CHEMICAL: AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intussusception, cyst or abscess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

Question 30

What are the causes for bowel obstruction?

Answer 30

BATH VIPS: bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intussusception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture

Question 31

What does Virchow’s node suggest?

Answer 31

Lymph node in left supra-clavicular fossa suggestive of gastric malignancy

Question 32

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Answer 32

Red currant jelly sputum, cavitating lesions in upper zone CXR.

Question 33

E. Coli 0157

Answer 33

Bloody diarrhoea, fragmented RBCs, undercooked hamburgers, metallic green stool cultures.

Question 34

Salmonella Typhi

Answer 34

Red macules on body on examination.

Question 35

Salmonella Enterididis

Answer 35

Playing with turtles, undercooked chicken/stale chicken.

Question 36

Shigella dysenteria

Answer 36

Bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic mucosa with ulcerations on distal colon.

Question 37

Vibrio Cholerae

Answer 37

India, severe dehydration, watery diarrhoea.

Question 38

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 38

Unpasteurised/raw milk, Guillain Barre Syndrome.