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Muscles + Anatomical Spaces > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Name the muscles in the hypothenar compartment.

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Opponens Digiti Minimi

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2
Q

Name the muscle in the adductor region of the hand.

A

Adductor Pollicis

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3
Q

Name the muscle in the ‘other compartment’ of the hand (not in the thenar, hypothenar, adductor, central, or interosseous compartments)

A

Palmaris Brevis

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4
Q

Name the muscle type in the central compartment of the hand

A

Lumbricals

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5
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4

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6
Q

Name the muscles in the interosseous compartment

A

Palmar interossei and Dorsal Interossei

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7
Q

How many interossei are there?

A

3 Palmar and 4 Dorsal

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8
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion:
Lateral side of proximal phalange

Innervation:
Superficial head = Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Deep head = Ulnar Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Taught as Median Nerve

Action:
Superficial head = Flexion of thumb at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.
Deep head = Adducts thumb

Test:
Resisted thumb flexion (can normally see + palpate muscle. Be aware that Flexor Pollicis Longus also does flexion).

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9
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion:
Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation:
Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)

Action:
Abduction of thumb and helps with opposition.

Test:
Resisted thumb abduction. Can normally palpate + see muscle.

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10
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion:
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Innervation:
Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)

Action:
Opposes the thumb (by drawing metacarpal 1 towards centre of Palm, and rotating it medially). Acts exclusively at carpometacarpal joint.

Test:
None listed.

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11
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Hand)

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate

Insertion:
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

Test:
None listed.

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12
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin:
Pisiform

Insertion:
Medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Abducts little finger and also assists with flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

Test:
None listed.

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13
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate

Insertion:
Medial border of metacarpal 5

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Opposition (draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it laterally - acts exclusively at carpometacarpal joint).

Test:
None listed.

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14
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin:
Oblique head - Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal + adjacent carpals
Transverse head - Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal

Insertion:
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Adducts the thumb towards the lateral side of the Palm.

Test:
None listed.

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15
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Palmaris Brevis

A

Origin:
Palmar aponeurosis + flexor retinaculum

Insertion:
Dermis of hand on medial side

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Helps to form creases when cupping the hand - this deepens the cup. Also helps to increase grip.

Test:
None listed.

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16
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Lateral Lumbricals

A

Origin:
Lateral 2 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (as unipennate muscles)

Insertion:
Wrap dorsally and medially around fingers to then insert into 2nd and 3rd digit extensor expansions.

Innervation:
Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)

Action:
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd + 3rd digits.

Test:
Place palm facing up. Ask patient to flex at metacarpophalangeal joint whilst keeping interphalangeal joints extended. Examiner places a single finger across the palmar side of the proximal phalanges. When flexion at MCP joint is maintained, examiner can individually apply resistance to middle + distal phalanges to test the extension at the IP joints.

17
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Medial Lumbricals

A

Origin:
Medial 3 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (as bipennate muscles)

Insertion:
Wrap distally and medially around 4th and 5th digit, inserting into their extensor expansions.

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Flex at metacarpophalangeal joints and extend at interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th digits.

Test:
Place hand with palm up. Ask patient to flex metacarpophalangeal joints whilst extending interphalangeal joints. Examiner can use a single finger to press on palmar surface of proximal phalanges of fingers. Whilst flexion at MCP joints is maintained, examiner can individually apply resistance to the middle and distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digit to test the extension of the IP joints.

18
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Palmar Interossei

A

Origin:
2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)

Insertion:
Bases of proximal phalanges + extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits.

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Adducts 2nd,4th, and 5th digits towards midline (middle finger). Also assists lumbricals in flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP joints.

Test:
Place finger between adjacent fingers and tell patient to adduct their fingers to prevent paper being pulled out.

19
Q

Give the Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:

Dorsal Interossei

A

Origin:
Between the 5 metacarpals as bipennate muscles.

Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanges + extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits.

Innervation:
Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)

Action:
Abduction of 2nd,3rd,4th fingers away from axial line (little finger and thumb have their own abductors so do not need these). Also helps lumbricals with flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP joints.

Test:
Ask patient to spread their fingers apart whilst examiner uses middle finger + thumb (or more fairly, 2 index fingers) applying resistance around 2 adjacent fingers - trying to push them together.

20
Q

Name the muscles the the thenar compartment of the hand.

A

Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis

Muscles + Anatomical Spaces (24 decks)

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