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Flashcards in Handout 2 Deck (20)
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1
Q

What happens in a spontaneous process?

A

Entropy of surroundings increases

2
Q

Are spontaneous processes reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

3
Q

What is entropy?

A

degree of disorder

4
Q

What are the types of motion that molecules can exhibit?

A

Translational, vibrational, rotational

5
Q

What is the definition of temperature?

A

Measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in a sample

6
Q

What do state and micro state refer to?

A

State takes into account the occupation of all energy levels in a system.
Microstate refers to configuration of distinguishable particles within a given state.

7
Q

What is the general microstate occupation equation?

A

w=N!/no!n1!n2!n3!…nj! where N= number of atoms and subscript numbers refer to different the energy states.

8
Q

What is Boltzmann statistical definition?

A

S=kBlnW. It is only a HYPOTHESIS.

9
Q

What is Boltzman constant and units?

A

1.38 x 10-23 JK-1

10
Q

What happens to entropy for an irreversible and a reversible process?

A

Constant for reversible, i.e equilibrium

Increases for irreversible

11
Q

What is the equation for temperature dependent entropy?

A

delta S= integral (T2,T1)Cp/TdT=CplnT2/T1
which can then go into long expansion
delta S=delta S(298K)+delta Cpln(T2/298)

12
Q

What is third law of thermodynamics?

A

entropy of a perfect crystal at 0K is 0

13
Q

What is the equation for a phase transition?

A

delta S= delta H/T

14
Q

What is entropy of a reversible isothermal expansion?

A

delta S= nRln(V2/V1)

15
Q

How is delta S related to heat flow?

A

=qrev/T

16
Q

Equation for entropy of surroundings? Conditions?

A

= -delta H/T, constant T and p

17
Q

How do we define Gibbs energy as an equation?

A

G=H-TS

18
Q

Total entropy in terms of Gibbs?

A

delta S=-deltaG/T

19
Q

Gibbs for spontaneous, reversible and non-spontaneous?

A

spontaneous= less than 0
non-spontaneous= greater than 0
reversible=0

20
Q

What conditions do we assume for Gibbs energy to hold?

A

Constant T and P