HANDS

Question 1

which muscles are in the thenar?

Answer 1

abductor pollicus brevis,
adductor pollicus,
opponens pollicus

Question 2

what muscles in the hypothenar?

Answer 2

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
palmaris brevis

Question 3

where do the lumbricals come from?

Answer 3

tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 4

dorsal interossie does what?

Answer 4

abduction of digits 1-4

Question 5

which digit is the most mobile component of the hand

Answer 5

D5

Question 6

both lumbricals and dorsal/palmar interossie insert into the extensor mechanism?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

what is the primary extensor of distal and proximal ip joints?

Answer 7

extensor digitorum communis EDC

Question 8

EDC IS A PROXIMAL EXTENSOR

Answer 8

REMEMER THAT

Question 9

define the extensor mechanism:

Answer 9

central slip inserts into base of mid. phalanx
interossie & lumbricals go into dorsal apparatus
lumbricals is primary extensor of DIP jt
EDC is primary extensor of PIP jt

Question 10

which nerve passes through carpel tunnel

Answer 10

median

Question 11

does the ulnar nerve wrap around the hook of the hamate?

Answer 11

yess

Question 12

T OR F: median nerve has largest % of pain fibers

Answer 12

true

Question 13

is the ulnar nerve responsible for fine motor control?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

list the steps of digital flexing? (fisting)

Answer 14

EDC extends wrist and MCP
FDC flexes DIP
EDC relaxes, FDS flexes PIP & interossie flex MCP
power grip with full fisting= both from interossie and FDP

Question 15

what do the interossie do?

Answer 15

extend PIPs
flex MCPs
adduct and abduct digits

Question 16

what do the lumbricals do

Answer 16

extend DIPs

Question 17

what does the FDP do

Answer 17

flex DIPs as a group

Question 18

what does the FDS do

Answer 18

flexes PIP individually

Question 19

with mallet finger, what fails?

Answer 19

extensor mechanism attaching to DIP , its a distal extensor tendon injury

Question 20

t or f: if you lose extension of 1 joint youll get flexion?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

define swan neck deformity

Answer 21

injury to palmar PIP joint (hyperextension)

Question 22

what is the flexor injury template

Answer 22

3 weeks immobilized, then passive action then active flexion

1) inflammatory stage (0-4days)
2) fibroblastic stage (3-21days) wound care and elevation
3) remodelling phase (3-5 weeks) splints, ROM, NO PÂSSIVE EXTENSION

Question 23

what Is the one wound scar concept

Answer 23

tissue healing = cross linkages of collagen that hold structures together

Question 24

low loads and prolonged stretch is best for tendon injuries

Answer 24

true

Question 25

scars that are warm, moist and have less O2 heal faster true or false

Answer 25

true

Question 26

define claw hand:

Answer 26

4&5th digits, intrinsic muscles (lumbricals and interossie) PIP & DIP flexion with MCP extension ulnar nerve injury cant abduct & adduct fingers

Question 27

define ape hand

Answer 27

atrophy to thenar eminence adduction of thumb towards D2 without ability to oppose median n injury extensors take over for flexors

Question 28

define wrist drop:

Answer 28

radial nerve injury | EDC and extensors are rendered useless

Question 29

* no muscle pump in hand

Answer 29

elevate to prevent swelling, blood pooling

Question 30

define dupuytrens disease

Answer 30

contractures in the fascia of hand | develops @ distal palmar crease in line with d4

Question 31

what is a contracture

Answer 31

tissue stuck in a short position

Question 32

what is a fasciectomy

Answer 32

having something removed

Question 33

what are the main movers of joints in the hand

Answer 33

``` FDP FDS lumbricals interossie EDC ```

Question 34

PIP flexion comes from what muscle

Answer 34

FDS !!!

Question 35

what flexes DIPS as a group

Answer 35

FDP!!

Question 36

what extends the DIPS

Answer 36

LUMBRICALS

Question 37

what do lumbricals do

Answer 37

``` extend pips(lateral bands) flex mcps (saggital bands) adduct and abduct all digits ```

Question 38

why are the extensors a more common injury?

Answer 38

they are always exposed , thinner skin

Question 39

what side of the hand are the annular ligaments on

Answer 39

palmar (volar)

Question 40

the ulnar nerve innervates what? (responsible for fine motor)

Answer 40

FDP lumbricals interossie

Question 41

which nerve does wrist drop affect

Answer 41

radial

Question 42

muscles involved in carpal tunnel (median nerve)

Answer 42

FDS , FDP, flexor pollicus longus

Question 43

the FDS inserts on both sides of the phalanx

Answer 43

yessss

Question 44

is the FDP deep to the FDS

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

where does the FDP insert

Answer 45

distal phalanx

Question 46

what joints does the EDC act on

Answer 46

PIP MCP radiocarpal joint

Question 47

lumbricals come from the FDP

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

what hand condition would affect the ulnar nerve

Answer 48

claw hand

Question 49

what hand condioiton would affect the radial nerve

Answer 49

wrist drop

Question 50

what hand condition would affect the median nerve

Answer 50

ape hand (extensors take over for flexors)

Question 51

when a flexor is contracting an extensor is being stretched

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

what is the most mobile component of the hand

Answer 52

D5

Question 53

which muscles in the posterior compartment of the hand:

Answer 53

starting radial side: ABL,EPB,ECRL,ECRB,EPL,EIP,EDC,EDM,ECU