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Harappan Civilization Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

True or False

Harappan cities were divided into 2 sections - Citadel and Lower Town

A

True

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3
Q

The Citadel of Harappan cities lay in the ____ direction, while the lower town lay in the ____
A. East, West
B. West, East
C. South, North
D. North, South

A

B. West, East

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4
Q

True or False

The Citadel of Harappan cities was always smaller than the lower town

A

True

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5
Q

Which Harappan city was divided into 3 parts, instead of 2

A

Dholavira

Citadel, Middle Town, Lower Town

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6
Q

3 Phases of Harappan Civilization

A
  1. Pre-Harappan
  2. Mature Harappan
  3. Late Harappan
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7
Q

Granaries are seen in which Harappan cities

A
  1. Lothal
  2. Harappa
  3. Mohenjodaro
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8
Q

Fire Altars are seen in which Harappan cities

A
  1. Kalibangan
  2. Lothal
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9
Q

How many sites of Harappan culture have been discovered

A

1500

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10
Q

Most significant feature of Lothal

A

Dockyard

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11
Q

True or False

The Indus Valley Civilization is a Bronze Age civilization, following the Chalcolithic age in India

A

False

It is a Bronze age civilization but predates the Indian Chalcolithic age

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12
Q

Which cities show Pre-Harappan and Mature phases both (and only Pre-H and Mature)

A
  1. Banawali
  2. Kalibangan
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13
Q

Which cities show Mature Harappan phase

A
  1. Harappa
  2. Mohenjo-Daro
  3. Kalibangan
  4. Chanhu-Daro
  5. Banawali
  6. Lothal
  7. Suktagendor
  8. Surkotada
  9. Dholavira
  10. Rakhigarhi
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14
Q

Which cities show all 3 phrases

A
  1. Dholavira
  2. Rakhigarhi
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15
Q

Which cities show Pre-Harappan phase

A
  1. Banawali
  2. Kalibangan
  3. Dholavira
  4. Rakhigarhi
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16
Q

Which cities show Later Harappan phase

A
  1. Rangpur
  2. Rojdi
  3. Rakhigarhi
  4. Dholavira
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17
Q

What was the largest building in Mohenjo-Daro

A

The granary

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18
Q

Which city contained 6 granaries

A

Harappa

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19
Q

Harappan Civilization produced two varieties of which crops

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Barley
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20
Q

In which Harappan city was large quantities of barley found

A

Banawali

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21
Q

Crops produced by Harappan Civilization

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Barley
  3. Rye
  4. Peas
  5. Sesame
  6. Mustard
  7. Rice
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

In which Harappan city was rice stored

A

Kalibangan

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24
Q

The Harappan civilization is the earliest in the world to produce ____

A

Cotton

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25
Animals domesticated in the Harappan civilization
1. Oxen 2. Buffalo 3. Goats 4. Pigs 5. Sheep 6. Asses 7. Camel 8. Dogs 9. Cats
26
Which animal was not found in the Harappan civilization at all
Horse
27
Beasts of burden in the Harappan civilization
1. Asses 2. Camels 3. Oxen 4. Buffalo
28
# True or False The rhino was unknown to the Harappan civilization
False
29
# True or False Brick Laying was one of the significant crafts of the Harappan civilization
True
30
How did Harappan civilization produce Bronze despite lack of tin deposits in India
Imported from Afghanistan
31
Crafts of the Harappan Civilization
1. Brick laying 2. Bronze smithing 3. Boat making 4. Bead making 5. Jewelry making 6. Pottery
32
The most sophisticated Harappan art/ craftwork were
Seals
33
Currency of Harappan civilization
They had no currency, they used **barter**
34
What was the basis of Harappan trade
Bartering food grains and finished goods for metals
35
How long did the Harappan civilization last
Roughly 600 years
36
Primary god worshipped by Harappan civilization
Fertility goddess/ mother earth
37
Male god worshipped by Harappan civilization
Pashupati Mahadeva
38
# True or False Harappan Culture featured a strong temple culture
False
39
Animals depicted alongside Pashupati Maharaj
1. Tiger 2. Elephant 3. Rhino 4. Buffalo 5. Deer
40
Tree worshipped by Harappan Culture
Pipal
41
# True or False Harappans used amulets to protect against ghosts, diseases and evil
True
42
Harappan script was ____ in nature A. Hieroglyphic B. Pictographic C. Ideographic D. Logographic
Pictographic | Used images to represent objects
43
44
How many specimens of Harappan script have been found
Around 4000
45
How many pictographs of Harappan script have been identified
250-400
46
What was Harappan pottery decorated with
1. Trees 2. Circles
47
How many Harappan seals have been found
2000
48
# True or False Terracotta sculptures are the most sophisticated examples of Harappan art
False | Seals most sophisticated Terracotta, least sophisticated
49
Around what date did Harappan civilization begin to decline
1800-1750 BC
50
# True or False Harappan main roads were laid from North to South
True
51
Likely causes for Harappan decline
1. Change in course of rivers 2. Flooding 3. Aryan invasion 4. Reduction in fertility of soil due to desertification and increased salinity
52
Who has put forward the theory of Aryan invasion as cause for Harappan decline
Ramaprasad Chanda and Mortimer Wheeler
53
# True or False Harappan lesser roads were laid from East to West
True
54
Features of Harappan town planning
1. Roads laid out in grid structure at right angles 2. Main roads laid out in North to South dir. 3. Lesser roads laid out from East to West 4. Burnt bricks of uniform size used
55
Materials used in Harappan sculptures
1. Steatite 2. Metal 3. Clay (pottery and terracotta)
56
Technique used in metal sculptures
Lost Wax Method
57
Theories of Origin of Harappan Civilization
1. West Asian theory of Origin 2. Sumerian theory of origin 3. Dravidian theory of origin 4. Aryan theory of origin
58
Factors contradicting the Aryan theory of origin
1. Aryans were horse-centric, Harappans didn't know of the horse 2. Aryans were an Iron Age people, Harappans didn't have Iron 3. Aryans had no concept of city life, Harappans had advanced town planning 4. Aryans were meat eaters with an aversion to fish, whereas fish was a regular part of Harappan diet 5. Aryans wore helms and defensive armour, Harappans had no concept of the same 6. There is very little overlap between the two cultures in terms of when they arrived in the subcontinent - Harappan culture declined around 1800 BC, Aryans arrived in force around 1500 BC and later
59
According to the West Asian theory of origin, where did the Harappans originate?
West Asia, especially Iran
60
Racial features of Harappan population
1. Proto-Australoid 2. Mediterranean 3. Mongolian 4. Alpine
61
Who referred to the population of Mohenjo Daro as "cosmopolitan"
J. Marshall
62
Factors in favour of West Asian theory of origin
Harappan culture shows similarities to the cultures of a. Killi Gul Muhammad b. Kulli c. Amri-Nal d. Quetta e. Zhob | Areas along proposed migration route from West Asia to Indus Valley
63
Factors supporting Sumerian theory of origin
1. Town planning - Harappans appear to have been inspired by the Sumerian concept of cities/ towns, while displaying superior town planning 2. Racial makeup of Sumerians is unknown, making it difficult to disprove
64
Factors contradicting the Sumerian theory of Origin
Harappan script is entirely different
65
Factors supporting Dravidian theory of origin
1. Similarities in pottery, beads and necklaces 2. Keezhadi excavation appears to be an extension of IVC | Keezhadi, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu
66
Factors contradicting the Dravidian theory of origin
1. No clear signs of Harappan civilization in South India apart from the Keezhadi excavation 2. Racial type of ancient Dravidians is unknown 3. No Harappan script found in South India
67
# True or False Modern Dravidians can be said to be related to the Harappans
False
68
Aspects of Keezhadi excavation that show similarities to the Harappan civlization
1. Humped bull 2. Similar pottery styles 3. Burnt bricks in 1:4:6 dimensions 4. Agate and carnelian beads
69
Factors supporting the Aryan theory of invasion
1. Harappan religion could be considered a later phase of Vedic culture 2. Rig Veda mentions fights in the Indus Valley 3. Vedic people also settled in the Indus Valley and Gangetic plain 4. Racial type of the Aryans contain similarities - mixture of Nordics, Mediterranean and Alpine
70
Geographical boundaries of Harappan civilization
The Harappan civilization extended from 1. Ghagghar Hakra in the East 2. Makran coast of Balochistan in the West 3. Afghanistan in the NE 4. Daimabad, Maharashtra in the S
71
Size of Indus Valley Civilization
1,260,000 sq km
72
How many Harappan towns and communities have been discovered
1056
73
How many Harappan towns and communities have been excavated
96
74
Size of Mohenjo Daro
Roughly 300 hectares
75
Population of Mohenjo Daro
30,000-40,000
76
Smallest Harappan site
Allahdino
77
Father of European Urban Planning
Hippodamus of Miletus
78
Popular Harappan Pastimes
1. Fishing 2. Hunting 3. Bullfighting
79
Who likely ruled Harappan civilization
The merchant class
80
Harappan cemeteries have been found in which cities
1. Mohenjo Daro 2. Harappa 3. Lothal 4. Rupar 5. Kalibangan
81
# True or False Harappans only practised full burial
False | Both full burial, and post-cremation burial have been found
82
Where is the "world's oldest signboard" found
Dholavira
83
# True or False Harappans practised Sati
False | No substantial proof of Sati has been found
84
Harappan ports
1. Lothal 2. Allahdino 3. Suktagendor 4. Balkot
85
Harappan clothing
2 pieces of cloth covering the upper and lower bodies of both men and women
86
# True or False Beads were worn as adornment only by Harappan women
False
87
Harappan ornaments were made of
1. Gold 2. Silver 3. Copper 4. Bronze 5. Semi precious stones
88
Harappan unit of measurement
16
89
Writing enters Indus Culture
3500 BC
90
Indus Valley Civilization
2500 - 1800 BC
91
when did the Saraswati join the Yamuna and Satluj, helping formation & growth of the Harappan Civilization?
2500 BC
92
When was Harappan civilization first discovered?
1920
93
Which ancient Indian language has not been deciphered yet?
Harappan script
94
Harappan script was written in which direction?
Right to Left
95
In which age did Harappan Civilisation flourish
Chalcolithic
96
Which civilizations were associated with Harappans
Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Sumerian
97
# True or False Harappans depicted animals on their seals to ensure control over them during hunting
FALSE | By the time of the Harappans animal depictions were already a convention
98
# True or False Harappan mode of subsistence was primarily hunting and gathering
FALSE | Harappans subsisted on agriculture
99
Birthplace of Chinese civilization
Hwang Ho (Yellow) river basin
100
Unique feature of Harappan drainage system
Settling pools and traps for inspection and cleaning
101
Architectural features of the Great Granary
1. 2 rows of rooms along a central passageway 2. Wooden superstructure on a brick foundation
102
What feature shows greatest uniformity across Harappan cities
Town planning
103
Which Harappan city was situated on the ancient Saraswati river
Kalibangan
104
Which Harappan city was situated on the river Ravi
Harappa
105
Double citadel with fire altar and remains of cult of sacrifice
Kalibangan
106
Which Harappan city was situated on the river Bhogavar
Lothal
107
Rice husk found at which Harappan cities
Lothal Rangpur
108
When did Indus Valley Civilization enter Mature Stage
2600 BC
109
Which city featured cult of sacrifice
Kalibangan
110
Mesopotamian seal made of ivory and chess pieces were found in which city
Lothal
111
Most houses featured wells in which city
Kalibangan
112
Features of Kot Diji
1. Wheel made painted pottery 2. Defensive wall traces 3. Well aligned streets 4. Mother goddess figurines
113
Which Harappan site was designated a World Heritage site by UNESCO, and in which year?
Mohenjo Daro, 1980
114
Where is the Harappan city of Suktagendor located
Makran district, Balochistan, Pakistan
115
What has been found in Suktagendor
1. Stone vessels 2. Pottery 3. Shell bead 4. Clay bangles
116
Important pre-Harappan site in Sindh, Pakistan
Amri
117
What has been found in Amri
1. Metal working 2. Pottery wheel work painted with animal motifs
118
Who discovered Balakot
Robert Raikes
119
Coastal Harappan site in Pakistan
Balakot

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