harder paeds from quesmed

Question 1

what is reye’s syndrome?

Answer 1

taking aspirin in viral illness - reye’s

liver damage and encephalopathy

Question 2

what would you see on ECG of wolff-parkinson-white?

Answer 2

delta waves (at start of qrs complex) 
associated with supraventricular tachy

Question 3

what does congenital rubella cause?

Answer 3

cataracts
deafness
PDA
aqueduct stenosis - hydrocephalus

Question 4

what is nephrotic syndrome symptoms

Answer 4

oedema
proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia

Question 5

what is commonest cause of nephrotic in kids

Answer 5

minimal change disease

Question 6

how is minimal change disease treated

Answer 6

pred

fluid restriction, reduced salt

Question 7

how does duodenal atresia present?

Answer 7

vomiting in 1st week of life since birth,

no passage of meconium?

Question 8

how does duodenal atresia look on xray

Answer 8

double bubble sign

Question 9

how is duodenal atresia treated?

Answer 9

duodenoduodenostomy?

Question 10

how much bolus fluid in DKA?

Answer 10

10ml/kg

20ml/kg in all others

Question 11

how is sickle crisis treated?

Answer 11

analgesia (morphine) and fluids

Question 12

how is reflux nephropathy assessed?

Answer 12

mcug

Question 13

how is renal scarring assessed?

Answer 13

dmsa

Question 14

what dose of benpen for meningitis?

Answer 14

1.2mg IM

Question 15

how are seizures stopped in status?

Answer 15

buccal midaz
then iv lorazepam
then phenytoin

Question 16

what infections might turner syndrome get frequently?

Answer 16

otitis media

Question 17

what are some features associated with turner?

Answer 17

koilonychia

low posterior hairline

Question 18

how long are scarlet fever infectious?

Answer 18

24 hours after abx dose

phenoxymethylpenicillin (aka penicillin V)

Question 19

what determines degree of cyanosis in tet fallot?

Answer 19

degree of pulm stenosis

Question 20

how does ASD murmur sound?

Answer 20

ejection systolic and split S2 fixed!!

Question 21

when would you give antibiotics in paeds uro?

Answer 21

reflux nephropathy

Question 22

how is orbital cellulitis investigated?

Answer 22

CT Orbit

Question 23

what does congenital parvovirus cause?

Answer 23

HYDROPS FETALIS

Question 24

how does down’s syndrome happen at cellular level?

Answer 24

meiotic non-disjunction

Question 25

what are some more features of down's?

Answer 25

duodenal atresia | AV septal defect

Question 26

what tone is found in cerebral palsy

Answer 26

hypertonia

Question 27

what is scissor walking assiociated with

Answer 27

cerebral palsy | spastic diplegia

Question 28

when would lumbar puncture be contraindicated?/

Answer 28

raised ICP - if papilloedema/bradycardia/hypertension | extensive/spreading purpura

Question 29

what does holosystolic murmur indicate?

Answer 29

eisenmenger's eisenmenger's is a cyanotic condition heard over lower left sternal edge

Question 30

is eisenmenger's cyanotic

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

describe eisenmenger's pathophys

Answer 31

long standing left to right shunt causes pulm hypertension causes reversal of shunt to right to left causing cyanosis

Question 32

how is haemorrhagic disease of newborn prevented?

Answer 32

vitamin K

Question 33

how might haemorrhagic disease newborn present

Answer 33

jaundice, bruising, | intracranial haemorrhage

Question 34

how does rolandic epilepsy present?

Answer 34

occurs during sleep mostly centrotemporal spikes on EEG grow out by puberty usually

Question 35

what does eeg of rolandic look like?

Answer 35

centrotemporal spikes

Question 36

what is most common bone cancer in children?

Answer 36

osteosarcoma

Question 37

how does osteosarcoma look on xray?

Answer 37

new bone growth sunburnt periosteum full body CT to look for mets

Question 38

how is osteosarcoma managed?

Answer 38

neo-adjuvant chemo | surgical and reconstruction

Question 39

what type of hypersensitivity is asthma?

Answer 39

type 1 (allergic reactions too)

Question 40

how does VSD murmur sound?

Answer 40

pansystolic 2/6 murmur

Question 41

how does aplastic crisis present?

Answer 41

pancytopaenia in absence of splenomegaly | in sickle cell, precipitated by parvovirus (slapped cheek)

Question 42

what causes bronchiolitis obliterans?

Answer 42

adenovirus!!!!

Question 43

which herpesvirus causes chickenpox?

Answer 43

HHV3 (VZV)

Question 44

how does goodpasture's syndrome present?

Answer 44

haematuria

Question 45

how does neonatal hypothyroidism present?

Answer 45

hypotonia macroglossia reduced feeding constipation

Question 46

what causes inflammation of synovial membrane?

Answer 46

transient synovitis

Question 47

what electrolyte abnormality can bronchiolitis cause?

Answer 47

hyponatraemia and seizures

Question 48

how does typhoid present?

Answer 48

indian subcontinent/indonesia????? fever and abdo pain from contaminated food???

Question 49

how is typhoid treated?

Answer 49

ceftriaxone if indian subcontinent | ciprofloxacin if travelled elsewhere

Question 50

how are tet fallot spells managed?

Answer 50

phenylephrine last lines | - vasoconstrictor

Question 51

what does coxsackie B cause?

Answer 51

myocarditis

Question 52

what is the tetrad of symptoms for HSP?

Answer 52

arthralgia abdo pain rash glomerulonephritis

Question 53

if untreated which cancer can coeliac cause?

Answer 53

lymphoma - EATL (T cell lymphoma) | small bowel adenocarcinoma

Question 54

when would MMR vaccine be contraindicated

Answer 54

immunocompromised as is live attenuated

Question 55

how is sinus headache treated?

Answer 55

with Abx

Question 56

how is bacterial sepsis tested for?

Answer 56

precalcitonin not lactate!

Question 57

what is waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome?

Answer 57

due to meningococcal septicaemia | adrenal haemorrhage

Question 58

what are the symptoms of waterhouse fried?

Answer 58

hypoglycaemia dehydration others idk

Question 59

what type of vasculitis is HSP?

Answer 59

small vessel vasculitis

Question 60

what do you need to monitor in neonates who are on high flow oxygen

Answer 60

retina - free radicals in the oxygen can cause retinopathy of prematurity

Question 61

which antibodies in SLE can cause congenital heart block?

Answer 61

anti-Ro and anti La - congenital heart block

Question 62

Potter syndrome

Answer 62

oligohydramnios causes - clubbed feet - parrot beak nose - recessed chin - low set cartilage-deficient ears - prominent epicanthal folds - dry loose skin - pulmonary hypoplasia can be due to oligohydramnios

Question 63

is haemolytic uraemic syndrome notifiable?

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

what are the symptoms of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

Answer 64

1. jaundice 2. renal failure - oliguria 3. thrombocytopaenia

Question 65

how is haemolytic uraemic syndrome treated?

Answer 65

supportive | antihypertensives and dialysis

Question 66

what type of diabetes can cause transposition?

Answer 66

t1/2 dm | not gestational