Hardware, Software, and Computer Languages Flashcards

(65 cards)

1
Q

Data that flows into the system

A

Input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Information that flows out of a system

A

Output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Activity that transforms the input into a more useful form

A

Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Used to keep data as it is processed or for later processing

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Provides data to the computer

A

Input device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Not directly accessible to the CPU and used for long-term storage of computer programs and data

A

External memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Executes the instructions of a computer program

A

CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Directly accessible to the CPU and used to store a computer program and its data while it is executing

A

Internal memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Communicates information to external entities

A

Output devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It stands for something else

A

Representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It represents some thing in general terms and ignores its many concrete qualities

A

Abstraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It represents a sequence of operations as a single task

A

Procedural abstraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It represents the essential characteristics of data separated from its physical implementation

A

Data abstraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do hardware and software engineers create abstractions?

A

To make devices easier to maintain, to make devices easier to use, and to allow user representations to have different implementations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A programmer uses a __________ to create his or her own procedural abstraction.

A

Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A programmer uses a __________ to create his or her own data abstraction.

A

Class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A sequence of instructions written to perform some task

A

Computer program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A collection of related computer programs

A

Computer software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A data abstraction representing a location in the internal memory where a datum is stored

A

Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The process by which each machine instruction is fetched and executed in the order in which it appears in memory

A

Sequential execution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A hardware device that controls the flow of data through the CPU

A

Control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

They transfer data from the internal memory to an output device or an external file

A

Output instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The process of converting alphanumeric characters into binary

A

Scanning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

They transfer data from an input device or an external file into the computer’s internal memory

A

Input instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Determines the kind of values that can be stored into a variable
Data type
26
Sequences of zeroes and ones used to store data in the internal memory
Binary
27
The name by which you refer to a variable within a computer program
Identifier
28
Variable declaration
Informs the compiler of the variable's data type and identifier
29
Expression
Tells the computer to perform calculations
30
Assignment statement
Stores a value into a variable
31
System.in
The standard input object
32
System.out.print
A method that sends data to the standard output object
33
Variable initialization
Gives the variable a starting value
34
How many variables can be declared and initialized within a single declaration statement?
Only one
35
What Java statement correctly declares x to be a double variable initialized to 3.5?
double x = 3.5;
36
What Java code fragment correctly inputs a floating-point value for x?
``` Scanner in = new Scanner( System.in ); double x = in.nextDouble( ); ```
37
What Java code fragment correctly assigns 3 to feet and 36 to inches?
``` feet = 3; inches = 12 * feet; ```
38
Assuming variable x has value 3.5, what Java code fragment correctly prints x = 3.5 on a single output line?
System.out.print( "x = " ); | System.out.println( x );
39
An item in a language that is its smallest unit of meaning
Lexeme
40
The total inventory of words and symbols of a computer language
Lexicon
41
Its statements must describe how to get what you want as a result
Procedural language
42
Its statements must be broken into a sequence containing many machine operations
High-level language
43
A category of lexemes
Token
44
The compiler's process of translating a program statement into equivalent machine code
Code generation
45
The compiler's process of combining tokens into recognizable program statements
Syntax analysis
46
The compiler's process of reading individual characters of a computer program and building its lexemes
Lexical analysis
47
The form of statements in a language
Syntax
48
The meaning of statements in a language
Semantics
49
Defined by those who implement Java's libraries; its meaning is preset but it can be altered by the programmer
Predefined identifier
50
Message to the human reader that is ignored by the computer
Comment
51
Defined by those who created Java; its meaning is fixed and cannot be altered by the programmer
Keyword
52
Immutable program datum that stands for itself
Literal
53
Defined by a programmer for his or her own use
User identifier
54
For the following java fragment, what is the token class for '3.5'? public static void main( String [] args ) { double x = 3.5; }
Literal
55
For the following java fragment, what is the token class for 'String'? public static void main( String [] args ) { double x = 3.5; }
Predefined identifier
56
For the following java fragment, what is the token class for 'x'? public static void main( String [] args ) { double x = 3.5; }
User identifier
57
For the following java fragment, what is the token class for 'public'? public static void main( String [] args ) { double x = 3.5; }
Keyword
58
Which of the following identifiers are spelled correctly? first-quarter-sales firstQuarterSales 1stQuarterSales
firstQuarterSaler
59
Which of the following keywords are spelled correctly? double Double DOUBLE
double
60
Which of the following variable declarations are spaced correctly? doubletaxRate=0.08; double tax Rate = 0.08; double taxRate=0.08; double taxRate = 0 . 08;
double taxRate=0.08;
61
Tasks that the compiler and JVM must perform to support the translation and execution of a computer program
Housekeeping
62
Refers to anything that is created and can change during program execution
Dynamic
63
Program text that is primarily meant to provide information to the compiler
Declaration
64
Program statements that are primarily meant to specify operations that the computer is to carry out at runtime
Executable statement
65
Refers to anything that is created at compile time and stays fixed during the program run
Static