harper final

Question 1

what is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 1

made of phospholipids

Question 2

what is diffusion?

Answer 2

high concentration -> low concentration, there is also facilitated diffusion which requires a channel

Question 3

how many chromosomes do body cells have?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

how many chromosomes do sex cells have?

Answer 4

23

Question 5

a zygote is formed when

Answer 5

an egg is fertilized (egg+sperm)

Question 6

what does hypotonic mean?

Answer 6

cell bloats/swells

Question 7

what does isotonic mean?

Answer 7

cell remains the same size

Question 8

what does hypertonic mean?

Answer 8

cell shrinks

Question 9

what are the building blocks of carbs?

Answer 9

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 10

what are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

what are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 11

triglycerides

Question 12

which organelle packages proteins for export?

Answer 12

golgi apparatus

Question 13

which organelle is responsible for the energy required for metabolic processes?

Answer 13

mitochondria

Question 14

simple cuboidal

Answer 14

function: secrete glandular products
location: lines ducts, ovaries

Question 15

transitional epithelium

Answer 15

function: respond to tension
location: urinary bladder

Question 16

simple columnar

Answer 16

function: move things along, secrete fluids
location: ciliated in reproductive system, non ciliated in stomach

Question 17

simple squamous

Answer 17

function: diffusion and filtration
location: alveoli, capillaries, membranes that line body

Question 18

smooth muscle

Answer 18

function: peristalsis, segmentation
location: stomach, intestines

Question 19

what process of cellular respiration makes the most ATP?

Answer 19

Electron Transport Chain (36 ATP)

Question 20

what hormone increases Ca?

Answer 20

parathyroid hormone, stimulates release of Ca from bones

Question 21

what hormone decreases Ca?

Answer 21

calcitonin, forces uptake of calcium into bones

Question 22

what hormone increases blood sugar?

Answer 22

glucagon

Question 23

what hormone decreases blood sugar?

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

what type of feedback is oxytocin contraction (labor)?

Answer 24

positive feedback

Question 25

how do hormones act on target cells?

Answer 25

only target cells with the specific receptors respond to the hormone

Question 26

what starts on the outside of the cell before an action potential?

Answer 26

Na+

Question 27

what happens during depolarization?

Answer 27

Na+ flows in

Question 28

what are astrocytes?

Answer 28

CNS> bridge neuron and blood supply

Question 29

what are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 29

CNS. myelin sheath

Question 30

what are microglial cells?

Answer 30

CNS> brain macrophage

Question 31

what are ependymal cells?

Answer 31

CNS> line ventricles, produce, monitor, and circulate CSF

Question 32

what are Schwann Cells?

Answer 32

PNS> myelin sheath

Question 33

what are satellite cells?

Answer 33

protect sensory neurons within ganglia and supply it with nutrients

Question 34

cerebrum

Answer 34

memory, motion, attention, language, consciousness

Question 35

thalamus

Answer 35

all sensory info but smell

Question 36

pons

Answer 36

connect cerebellum and brainstem

Question 37

medulla

Answer 37

breathing and heartbeat

Question 38

hypothalamus

Answer 38

regulates homeostasis-> autonomic nervous system and endocrine system

Question 39

cerebellum

Answer 39

little brain, balance and coordination

Question 40

pineal gland

Answer 40

melatonin, sleep patterns

Question 41

function of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 41

increase heart rate, dilate airways to make breathing easier, elevate BP, decrease digestive activity

Question 42

what defines a reflex?

Answer 42

involuntary movement in response to a stimulus that is acted on before it reaches the brain

Question 43

cross-bridge formation

Answer 43

1) Ca to troponin 2) Tropomyosin exposes actin 3) myosin head attaches to actin 4) powerstroke 5) myosin head detaches because of ATP 6) ATP hydrolysis 7) myosin head recocks

Question 44

what is a motor unit?

Answer 44

one neuron plus many fibers

Question 45

what type of tissue is in the diaphysis?

Answer 45

compact bone, osteons

Question 46

what type of tissue is in epiphysis

Answer 46

spongy bone, trabeculae

Question 47

where are WBCs and RBCs made?

Answer 47

red bone marrow

Question 48

where are B cells and T cells made?

Answer 48

B cells: bone marrow T cells: thymus

Question 49

a skeletal muscle attaches to _____ at two or more places

Answer 49

bone

Question 50

If the place is a bone that remains _____ for an action, the attachment is called an origin

Answer 50

immobile

Question 51

If the place is on a bone that _____ for an action, the attachment is called an insertion

Answer 51

moves

Question 52

what are the two lymphatic ducts?

Answer 52

thoracic: collects the most lymph right

Question 53

what % of blood if FE?

Answer 53

45

Question 54

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by converting to __________________ ion

Answer 54

hydrogen

Question 55

at what point in life is T cell maturation larger?

Answer 55

in children

Question 56

Parts of the lymphatic system such as tonsils/Peyer’s patches are also known as _____________________ nodules.

Answer 56

lymphoid

Question 57

what is an antigen?

Answer 57

substances that cause your immune system to produce antibodies is body doesn't recognize as self

Question 58

what is the function of the SA node?

Answer 58

pacemaker

Question 59

what is the function of the AV node?

Answer 59

connect electrical signals of atria and ventricles

Question 60

what is the wave life motion that chyme travels through?

Answer 60

peristalsis

Question 61

what is the organ that secretes HCl?

Answer 61

stomach

Question 62

what are some features of the small intestine wall?

Answer 62

circular folds, villi and microvilli fingerlike projections

Question 63

what substance from the gall bladder emulsifies fats?

Answer 63

bile

Question 64

what is tidal volume?

Answer 64

volume of air in every breath

Question 65

what is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 65

the extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond reached at end of normal expiration

Question 66

what is residual volume?

Answer 66

volume left in lungs after expiration

Question 67

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 67

maximum inhale volume

Question 68

what is the total lung capacity?

Answer 68

6 liters

Question 69

what's the function of glomerulus?

Answer 69

filter

Question 70

what is a graafian follicle?

Answer 70

fluid-filled structure in ovary, provides maturation of ovum

Question 71

what is the function of estrogen?

Answer 71

growth of egg follicle

Question 72

what is the function of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 72

starts ovulation

Question 73

What happens to a potential fetus if progesterone cannot perform its job properly in a woman trying to get pregnant?

Answer 73

miscarriage progesterone is supposed to help keep egg in uterus