Hazardous Materials for First Responders Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
Substances that possess harmful characteristics are called
A
Hazardous Materials in the United States.
Dangerous goods in Canada and other counties.
2
Q
What is the name to cause to become less harsh or hostile
A
Mitigate
3
Q
NFPA 1072
A
Standard for hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction emergency response personnel professional qualifications
4
Q
NFPA 472
A
Standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents
5
Q
NFPA 473
A
Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents
6
Q
Hazmat acronym incident model
A
APIE
Analyze, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
7
Q
Awareness Personnel are not responsible
A
Planning the response to a hazmat incident
8
Q
Condition substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss, the source of the risk.
A
Hazard
9
Q
Short term effect that appeared within hours or days, such as vomiting or diarrhea
A
Acute health effects
10
Q
Long term effects that may take years to appear, such as cancer
A
Chronic health effects
11
Q
Effects can possibly take years from exposure to chemicals, agent , or substance this delay is called
A
Latency period
12
Q
Was first used in the US in the early 1900s to insulate steam engines
A
Asbestos
13
Q
Us government began regulating Asbestos in the
A
1920s
14
Q
Pathways by which Hazardous Materials get into or effect the human Body
A
Routes of Entry
Routes of exposure
15
Q
Most common exposure Route
A
Inhalation
16
Q
Areas where human skin is the thinnest
A
Eyes, nose, mouth, wrist, neck, ears, hands, groin, and underarms
17
Q
Primary routes by which hazardous substances enter the body?
A
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection
18
Q
Tolvene
A
Solvent
19
Q
Three mechanism of harm
A
Energy
Release
Corrosivity
Toxicity
20
Q
The Acronym to categorize the types of harm caused by hazardous Materials
A
(TRACEM) Thermal hazard Radiological hazard Asphyxiation hazards Chemical hazards Etiological/ biological hazards Mechanical hazards
21
Q
This type of hazmat incident presents the greatest threat
A
Energy Release
22
Q
What are the six types of Energy Release
A
Heat Mechanical Pressure Electricity Chemical Radiation
23
Q
Four main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials and: or wastes the federal level are
A
Department of Transportation
Environment Protection Agency
Department of Labor
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
24
Q
Many hazardous materials incidents occur while
A
Are being Transported “Highway”
25
How long today’s flammable gas railcars thermally protected against exposure to a 1600 F fire
100minutes
26
What is released when a hazardous materials undergo chemical reaction
Chemical energy
27
To meet criteria for bulk packaging one of the following must be met
1. Maximum Capacity >119 gallons for liquid
2. Max net mass >882lbs or max>119 gallons as for solids
3. Water capacity is 1001lbs or greater as a receptacle for gas.
28
Examples of non bulk packaging.
Drums, boxes, carboys, and bags
29
Packages with an outer packaging and an inner receptacle
Composite packages
30
Multiple packages grouped together in a single outer container
Combination packages
31
Liquid reaches its boiling point vapor fills container raising the pressure beyond containable limits
Bleve Process
32
Opening that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer
Manway
33
Gas that is converted into a liquid by being cooled below -130 F
Cryogenic
34
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or imitate combination or combustible materials
Oxidizer
35
Cryogenic contents
```
Liquid oxygen
Nitrogen
Helium
Hydrogen
Argon
Liquified natural gas
```
36
Common liquid containers
```
Bottles
Gasoline containers
Paint
Pails
Drums
```
37
Which comprises the largest class by volume in the industry
Corrosives
38
An Agency that overseas the natural nuclear security administration
Department of Energy
39
Name Hazardous Solids
Dust
Powders
Small particles
40
Boric Acid and Sodium hydroxide are ?
Corrosive Solids
41
Small air-born particles that burn and can cause a dust explosion if ignited in an enclosed location are
Grain, Flour, Sugar, coal, Metal, Sawdust
42
Radioactive material is shipped in five types of packaging
```
Excepted
Industrial
Type A
Type B
Type C
```
43
Only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity
Excepted
44
A container that transports laboratory samples and smoke detectors
Industrial
45
Packages used for high activity materials plutonium transported by aircraft.
Type C
46
Transport over 90% of the worlds cargo
Marine Vessels
47
Diamond shipped signed that is mounted to each side of a structure for hazardous materials
Placard
48
Labels are designed for
NON bulk packages
49
Placards are designed for
Bulk packages
50
Under the United Nations(UN) System ___________ classes are used to categorize Hazardous Materials
Nine Hazards Classes
51
What are the nine hazards classes
Class 1 - explosive
Class 2- Gases
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids spontaneous
Class 5 - Oxidizing Substance and organic peroxide’s
Class 6- Toxic and infections Substance
Class 7- Radioactive Materials
Class 8- Corrosive Substance
Class 9- Miscellaneous dangerous substance and articles
52
A placard is not required for shipments of _________other regulated materials for domestic transport only (ORM-Ds)
Infections Substances
53
Which hazard does not have a specific background color on the NFPA 704 placard
Special
54
The placard Labeled “Dangerous”is for
Contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that requires different placards
55
Class 7 Radioactive Labels must alway’s
Contain text
56
NFPA 704
Hazmat materials at fixed storage facilities
57
NFPA 704 diamond does not tell
What chemical or chemicals may be present in specific quantities
58
NFPA 704 system uses a rating system of numbers from
0 to 4
Note : 0 being minor to a 4 indicates a severe hazard
59
NFPA 704 diamond will relay the
Worst Hazard level in each category on site not all the same material.
60
Safety data sheets were formerly known as
Materials safety data sheets
61
Where do most oil spills occur according to statistics
Port
62
Which class labels must always contain text?
Class 7 radioactive
63
Hazardous Materials Information System is a
Proprietary system developed by the American coatings association same or similar to the 704 system
64
CAS Numbers
Chemical Abstract Service Number assigned by the American Chemical Society. This number Uniquely identifies a specific compound.
65
What are the two signal words to indicate the relative severity of a hazard by GHS
“Warning - Less Severe
| “ Danger - More Severe
66
In what form are all riot control agents
Solids
67
Bill of lading used for
Shipping paper used by the trucking industry
68
Matter is found in three states
Gas
Liquid
Solid
69
Per the ERG book what are the initial isolation distances based on the involved product state of Matter
Solids- 75 ft
Liquids- 150ft
Gases- 330 ft
70
1 and 2 ton quantities of chlorine and Anhydrous ammonia released do what?
Both initially spread in a 360 degree radius before being dispersed downwind in some situations.
71
Name some corrosive gases
Bromine
Chlorine
Anhydrous Ammonia
72
Definition of a Micron
Unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter
73
Sublimate/ Sublime
Transition directly from a solid to gas.
74
Is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure
Boiling Point
Note : usually expressed in Degrees Fahrenheit
75
In which state(s) will you encounter corrosives ?
Solids or liquids
76
BLEVE ?
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion also called violent rupture
77
Solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressures
Melting point.
78
The temperature at which a liquid will boil at sea level
Boiling point
79
Characteristics of high pressure tanks ?
Guard cage around the bottom loading/unloading piping
Emergency shut-offs
Bolted man way
80
What is called that changes directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between ?
Sublimate
81
Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Vapor density
82
All_____ and _______ will mix with air, but lighter materials(unless confined) tend to rise and dissipate?
Vapors and Gases
83
What are hydrocarbons
Gasoline
Diesel
Pentane
All Combines with water
84
Polar Solvents
Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Combines with water, the two liquids mix.
85
How do most railroad companies count and list their train cars on the train list?
Front to rear
86
Incapable of being mixed or blended with another substance
Immiscible
87
Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquid to mix with or dissolve into each other?
Miscibility
88
A major component of gasoline
Heptane
89
Measure of thickness or flow ability of a liquid at a given temp?
Viscosity
90
Length of time a chemical agent remains effective without dispersing
Persistence
91
Additive added to natural gas.
| Rotten eggs or sewage
Mercaptan
92
Ratio of the density(mass per volume) of materials to the density of a standard material usually an equal volume of water standard conditions of pressure and temperature
Specific Gravity
93
Never use ____________to determine a safe or unsafe areas
Odors
94
Enough vapors to support continuous burning
Fire point
95
A materials fire point is usually only a few __________ higher than its flash point.
10-30 degrees Celsius
96
liquids that have low flash points and burn easily are designated as
Flammable liquids
97
Liquids with higher flash points that do not burn as easily are called
Combustible Liquids
98
The term inflammable means the same as
Flammable
99
The minimum temperature to which the fuel (other than a liquid) in air must be heated to self sustained combustion without independent ignition source
Auto ignition temperature
| (
100
Which is the colorless, Flammable, and toxic gas that is a byproduct of the Red P meth production process?
Phosphine
101
Concentrations if there is too little air the mixture is too
Too lean to ignite
102
Too much flammable vapor or gas the mixture is called
Too Rich to ignite
103
Corrosives are commonly divided into two broad categories
Acids and Bases
104
Bases are sometimes called
Alkalis or Caustics
105
A corrosive that is neither a acid nor a base
Hydrogen peroxide
106
Any chemical that ionizes ( detaches) to yield hydrogen ions (hydronium) in water
Acid
107
Bases have PH values of
7.1 to 14
108
Acids have PH values of
0 to 6.9
109
Reaction between an alkaline and fatty acid that produces soap
Saponification
110
What is the most commonly transported via IM 102 portable tanks
Food commodities
111
Four elements necessary to produce combustion
Oxygen
Fuel
Heat
Chemical chain reaction
112
Fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion is called ?
Reducing Agent
113
The least energetic form of radiation such as visible light and radio waves?
Nonionizing radiation
114
The most energetic and hazardous form of radiation is?
Ionizing radiation
115
Name four types of Ionizing radiation ?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron
116
On general Decon operations: Where should a medical triage and treatment area be established ?
Just outside Decon zone.
p. 506
117
To which part of the container will mechanical stress particularly affect in Accidents ?
Fittings
Note: Severe accidents may cause damage to container walls.
p. 228
118
What type of cracking is associated with BLEVEs
Runaway cracking
| p. 229
119
NFPA uses the term pressure tank to cover both?
Low pressure storage tanks and pressure vessels(with higher pressures).
P. 229
120
Per NFPA definitions, low pressure storage tanks have operating pressure from
0.5 to 15 psi
P. 229
121
Pressure vessels(including many large cryogenic liquid storage tanks) have pressures of
15 psi or greater
p. 229
122
Is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure?
Boiling point
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid will boil at sea level
p. 147
123
Is the temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure?
Melting point
p. 146
124
What system was created in an effort to create a world-wide, universal chemical hazard communication and container labeling?
Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)
p. 728
125
The unit leader does not don a chemical protective suit unless the situation indicates that a suit is required to properly supervise the units operation. What are the following situations that would require to don a suit?
. Entry team would not be inline of sight.
. Incident requires a complex entry team operations.
. Operation requires several entry teams.
Note: add additional personnel to maintain line of sight of entry teams.
126
Describe the different types of Penetrating Power of radiation?
1) Alpha- stopped by skin.
2) Beta - stopped by clothing/ aluminum.
3) Gamma- Bone & Lead
4) Neutron- Concrete
p. 169
127
Alpha and Beta emitters are generally more hazardous when?
Inhaled or ingested.
128
Weightless packet of electromagnetic energy such as x-rays or visible light?
Photon.
p. 165
129
Particles that have a physical mass but have no electrical charge?
Neutron
P. 165
130
The effects of ionizing radiation occur ?
At the cellular level.
p. 162
131
(RAM) Radioactive Materials
Emit ionizing radiation.
p. 165
132
What are the protection measures from radiation
Time, distance, and shielding.
133
The degree to which a substance causes harm within the body is called?
Toxicity
p. 170
134
Damage spread through an entire body system?
Systemic Effect.
p.120
135
Asphyxiants can be divided into two classes?
Simple asphyxiants
Chemical asphyxiants
p. 172
136
Simple asphyxiants are ?
Gasses that displace oxygen.
p. 172
137
Chemical asphyxiants are ?
Materials that prohibit the body’s cells from using oxygen.
p. 172
138
What are three of the more common products of combustion ?
```
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 )
```
139
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a
Byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic( Carbon containing materials.
p. 174
140
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
Produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen.
Note: polyurethane foam IE furniture and bedding.
Has a bitter almond smell
Gas state temps above 79 F
141
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Product of COMPLETE combustion of organic materials.
Waste product of aerobic metabolism.
142
Anthrax is a type of
Bacteria
143
Rickettsias
Bacteria smaller than most bacteria ticks, fleas, other Arthropods.
144
What are the primary hazards of explosives?
Thermal and Mechanical
p. 179
145
What are the primary hazards of flammable and combustible liquids are ?
Energy, Corrosivity, and Toxicity.
146
What is it called when a hot liquid fuel transfers heat energy to a colder, more volatile liquid fuel?
Vapor Explosives
p. 183
147
Oxidizers are?
Typically Solids or Aqueous.
148
Which phase of an explosive is typically less destructive?
Negative
p.180
149
What burns when a material has reached its flash point?
Vapors only.
150
What is the baseline measurement for pressure?
Atmospheric pressure.
14. 7 psi
p. 146
151
What is the measure of the thickness of flowability of a liquid at a give temperature ?
Viscosity
p. 152
152
A container stress is caused by
Thermal, energy, chemical, and mechanical.
p. 213
153
The appearance of frost is an indicator that a container is under what kind of stress?
Thermal Stress
p. 213
154
What are the common causes of mechanical stress on containers
Collision, impact , or internal pressure.
155
What type of release is a semicircular or dome-shape pattern of an airborne hazard material that still partially in contact with ground or water
Hemispheric Release
p221
156
Common breaches of solids-holding containers include
Punctures, Splits, and Tears.
p.233
157
What are the other names for Pressure tanks?
Pressure containers and Pressure vessels
p. 234
158
Pressure tanks have pressures of ?
15psi or greater
p.234
159
What kind of paint are Horizontal Pressure vessels painted?
White or some other highly reflective color
160
Atmospheric underground storage tanks will have more than ______of their surface areas underground.
10%
161
Horizontal propane tanks buried underground have capacities of
500 to 1000 gallons
162
What are the two specifications in use for Highway transports?
MC standard and DOT/TC standards
IE. Mc306 - DOT TC 406
163
Most DOT/TC -412s do not have a
A shut off valve
p. 248
164
What do cargo trailer transport
Solids - Oxidizers, corrosive solids, Cement, plastic pellets, and fertilizers.
Most usually not under pressure- 15 to 20 psi
p. 251
165
Compressed gas/ tube trailers have what kind of pressures.
Pressures 2400 to 5000 psi
They can carry helium, hydrogen, methane, oxygen and other gases.
P. 250
166
RailRoad tank cars are divided into three main categories what are they?
1. Low pressure/ General service tank cars.
2. Pressure
3. Cryogenic Liquid tank cars.
167
In cryogenic railroad tank cars the combination of insulation vacuum protects the contents from ambient temps for
Only 30 days
p225
168
Low pressure tank cars capacities
4,000 to 34000
P. 225
169
What do they call trains that have a continuous block of twenty or more tank cars loaded with flammable liquid or thirty five or more cars loaded dispersed through a train.
High hazard flammable trains( HHFT)
170
Intermodal tanks capacities do not ordinarily exceed ?
6,340 gallons
171
Where is the marking that describe the volume in gallons and sometimes liters stenciled on the tank car?
Both ends under the car reporting marks.
p. 261
172
IM 101 portable tanks carry
They transport both hazardous and non-hazardous materials.
173
IM 102 carries
Most commonly transport food commodities.
174
IMO type 7
Cryogenic type tank.
Jack B. Kelly Inc
Tank within a tank
175
IMO means internationally
International Maritime Organization
P. 269
176
Ton containers have two valves ?
One that extends into liquid space other valve extends into the vapor space.
P. 271
177
Radioactive material is shipped in
Five basic types of containers
178
Radioactive packaging type is determined by?
Activity, type, and form of material being shipped.
273
179
What are IBCs?
Intermediate bulk containers.
Rigid or flexible
Max capacity is not more than 793 gal. Both called totes
p. 277
180
A Supersack can carry the equivalent of four to five-
55 gallon drums.
181
Carboy is a?
Large glass or plastic bottle encased in a basket or box.
20 gallons but 5gallons common.
p.280
182
(RIBC) Rigid Intermediate Bulk Containers have capcities up to?
400 gallons
Pressures up to 100 psi
183
What is used to prioritize response objectives?
Available Resources.
p. 311
184
How many sides of an incident exist at Hazmat incidents ?
Six sides.
p. 295
185
NFPA and OSHA mandate the use of what at Hazmat incidents?
Buddy systems and backup personnel
p. 341
186
FBI will establish a control perimeter at__________ Times the distance of the farthest piece of evidence.
1.5 times
187
At a Hazmat incident termination phase involves two procedural actions?
Post-incident critiques
| Post incident analysis.
188
How do sublimating solids transition ?
Solid to a gas
p. 144
189
The basic description provided in shipping papers will follow a sequence best remembered by the acronym?
ISHP
I=Identification Number
S= Proper Shipping Name
H= Hazard Class or Division
P= Packing Group
p.99
190
Shipping Paper Identification types?
Air - Air Bill- cockpit
Highway- Bill of Lading - vehicle cab.
Rail- trainlist/ Consist- Engine OT Caboose.
Water -Dangerous Cargo manifest. - Bridge or Pilot House.
p.99
191
To assume command at a hazmat incident what level must the IC be trained at?
Operations
p. 327
192
How many federal USR teams are currently available in the US?
28 teams
p. 334
193
What is the minimum Number of personnel that should be operating in the hot zone ?
Four- two working and two back up.
p341
194
Which Branch in the Logistics Sections includes Medical and good Services?
Support
p. 326
195
What minimizes freelancing at the scene?
Staging Area
196
A biological Toxin Made from castor beans?
Ricin
p. 367
197
Within what temperature range is a combustible liquid ?
At or above 100 F and Below 200 F
p. 155
198
What is the priority at low pressure storage tank incidents?
Eliminating ignition Source
p. 236
