Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > hazards > Flashcards

hazards Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

hydro-meteorological hazards

A

natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of like or injury, property damage,social and economic distribution or environmental degradation.
part of natural processes and cycles that are vital in maintaining ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

weather

A

the atmospheric conditions over a short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

high pressure

A

areas are usually fair and settled weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low pressure

A

places were atmosphere is relatively thin winds blow inward, causing air to rise, producing clouds and condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

isobars

A

plane lines curving over the maps, connect points with the same mean sea level area and air pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

climate

A

A distribution of the average weather at a location over a long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

types of climates

A

Equatorial, tropical temperate, grassland, subtropical desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

weather

A

humidity
precipitation
air pressure
temperature
wind
cloud cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

relief rainfall

A

relief or organic rain is formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over Relief features in the landscaper such as hills or mountains. As it rises it cools, condenses, and forms rain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

climate change

A

A change in the average conditions in a region, or over the planet over a long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

global warming

A

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earths atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by the increase level of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

natural processes that cause climate change

A

solar variation
volcanoes
milankovitch theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

albedo

A

is the reflectiveness if a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bushfire

A

wild far is internationally recognised her for describing a fire burning out of control in grass scrub or forested areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ground fire

A

underground fire in which Pete Cole or tree roots ignite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

surface fire

A

Low to high intensity, fire burning to surface litter, grass and shrub layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

crown fire

A

very high intensity fire, spreading rapidly through crown or canopy of trees, especially when fueled by strong winds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

grass fire

A

most common type in Australia spreads rapidly up to 25 km/h along flat areas covered in grassland destroys fences, livestock and buildings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

forest fire

A

occurs in forests and Woodlands in mountains areas, steep terrine and dense forest.
it is rapid intense and extremely hazardous to homes, infrastructure and human life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

factors that increase bushfires

A

fuel load
fuel moisture
wind speed
ambient temperature
relative humidity
ignition source
slope angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bushfire management

A

reducing fire risk and magnitude through fuel, reduction, extinguishing, fires, warning, systems, and survival plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

black saturday bushfires

A

located in central Victoria above Melbourne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

factors increasing risk of black saturday bushfires

A

heat wave two months prior the temperature over 40°, meaning there was no humidity north-westerly
winds up to 100 km/h.
Hot and dry air from Central Australia
winds collapse powerlines, which was ignition of the fire. 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

impacts of Black sat

A

173 people died
400 individuals injured
8th deadliest bushfire
$4.4 billion insurance
2100 homes destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
drought
severe shortage of water relative to the needs of people, plants and animals in the area
26
ballarat
Ballarat is located at highpoint which covers for reachements of for catchment basins
27
four different types of droughts
meteorological Hydrological Agricultural Socio-economic
28
geospatial technology
MODIS DEA ESRI
29
positives of geospacial tech
Measure areas burnt by fires based on presents or lack of vegetation determine the location of current fires based on the infrared energy that they release Monitor the spread of fires accuracy of, 1.5 km all the information is layered to determine bushfire landscape impacts of bushfires
30
negatives of geospatial tech
fails to distinguish between different types of fires fires more than 100 m² arent detected cloud cover, heavy smoke and sick tree canopies obstruct the satellite view leading to errors in the fire detection
31
la niña
warm water is pushed west east coast of Australia Cold water on the west coast of South America Strong, trade winds, and Walker circulation
32
impacts of la niña
more evaporation and precipitation Increased flood risk and tropical cyclone formation
33
neutral
trade winds, blow from east to west in the tropical Pacific region Warm waters are pushed West Walker circulation is formed
34
effects of neutral
occurs more than half the time Less extreme weather Droughts and floods still possible
35
el niño
warm water is pushed towards the west coast, south America Walker circulation breaks down Calder ocean temperatures on the east coast of Australia
36
effects of el niño
Less evaporation and precipitation drought risk in northern and eastern Australia More heat waves and fewer tropical cyclones
37
factors causing a bushfire
social- arson, education of community historical - recent bushfires, seasonal weather economical - lack of funding for CFA, town prep environmental - forest = X cleared, burn offs political - burn offs = controversial , lack of climate action of govt. technological - GIS tech. = able to monitor / control bushfires
38
flood
when water temporarily flows overland that is normally dry
39
river floods
caused by rivers exceeding bankfull capacity
40
coastal floods
caused by low lying areas being inundated by sea water
41
effectors of floods
slope / angle soil depth vegetation cover drainage urbanisation
42
inputs of hydrological cycle
snow melt precipitation
43
outputs of hydrological cycle
evaporation evaoptranspitation
44
stores of hydrological cycle
surface storage soil storage groundwater storage
45
flows of hydrological cycle
stem flow leaf drip infilstration precolocation through flow surface run off
46
surface runnoff
fastest flows over surface
47
through flow
medium flow flows through pore spaces in soil and rocks
48
groundwater flow
slowest flows through saturated soil and bedrock
49
storm surge
change in sea level caused by storm. large waves can be generated by strong winds pushing high levels of water inland
50
slow onset floods
last long time ( weeks / months ) natural / seasonal ( heavy rainfall )
51
rapid onset flows
last 1/2 days sudden, large amounts of rainfall which rivers X contain
52
coastal floods
caused by strong winds sea water inundates low lying coastal land in storm surges
53
flash floods
affect isolated locations on small scale caused by short, intense rainfall events due to severe thunderstorms
54
tropical storms
maximum sustained windspeed is more than 63 km/hour given name depending on ocean basin when maximum sustained windspeed is above 116 km / hour
55
china summer of floods ( 2020 )
$12.3 lost 150 deaths climate change increased severity of HMH no. of heavy rainfall days increased 4 % every 10 years human activity
56
biological hazard
involved spread of microorganisms, plants, insects and animal pests
57
infectious disease
something which can be caught from another; spread by a pathogen
58
pathogen
an organism which causes disease (virus and bacteria)
59
Communicable
can be spread between people
60
Contagious
spreads directly between people
61
non-contagious
spreads by a vector (mosquito or worm)
62
Malaria Symptoms
feaver, chills, headache, nausea, muscle pain, fatigue, vomiting and death
63
Malaria statistics
40% at risk of malaria 2018= 228 million cases and 405, 000 deaths
64
Environmental factors which encourages malaria
hot/ wet climates low lying wetlands pools of still water
65
human factors which encourages malaria
population movement
66
impacts of malaria
poverty economic burden reduced economy activity sick children cannot attend school infants and pregnant women impacted
67
patters of diseases are affected by :
climate relief water sources vectors
68
climate factors affecting malaria
rainfall= abundance of aquatic habitats temperature= average temperature b/w 18 and 40 degrees relative humidity= humidity over 60%
69
malaria management techniques
insecticide treated nets indoor residual spraying anti-malarial drugs during pregnancy drugs that prevent malaria drugs that treat malaria
70
malaria management on a national scale in indonesia
-first began in 1959 as part of global malaria eradication program (spraying DDT) which ceased in 1963 -roll back malaria (funded by WHO and UNICEFF) -27million insecticide treated nets distributed
71
malaria management on a local scale in Indonesia
SurfAid (NGO) - established Malaria Clinics - distributed 60,000 nets
72
Boxing Day / Aceh tsunami stats
2004 9.1 magnitude 275,000 people killed 1000 European tourists 141 houses destroyed US$9.9 billion losses
73
Japan Tsunami
11/03/11 20,000 deaths 125,000 buildings destroyed shifted earth by 0.2mm waves up to 39 meters high US$300 billion losses
74
Black Summer
33 deaths across all states and territories 3500 houses destroyed 19,000,000 hectares burnt
75
Millenium Drought
loss of dairy industry (50 to 7) cost of water = $3000 a week fishing/ tourism/ farming all impacted loss of lifestyle and livelyhoods absence of birds and native species inroduction of pest species

Geography (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions