Hazzard Ch9/10 Mod 1 Quizzes

Question 1

The examiner must not neglect to examine the ________ lesion as malpositions of this structure are almost sure to destroy spinal equilibrium and thus to effect spinal relations, sometimes to a serious extent.

Answer 1

Spine in relation to pelvic Lesion

Question 2

The most common Spinal dysfunction because of Pelvis dysfunction is?

Answer 2

swerving or curvature of the spine in response to the efforts of nature to adapt the spine to a crooked pelvis.

Question 3

How may the pelvis be as a whole?

Answer 3

• Tipped forward
• Tipped backward
• May be turned to either side
• May be tilted, throwing one crest up and the other downward.

Question 4

In case of lesion of the whole pelvis, the point of movement upon the spine is usually the _____ but the _______ may be carried with the pelvis, or the yielding point may include the whole lumbar region.

Answer 4

lumbo-sacral articulation

fifth lumbar vertebra

Question 5

____ and ____ aid each other in the examination

Answer 5

INSPECTION AND PALPATION

Question 6

What are the superior posterior lilac spines doing in a backward luxation of the pelvis?

Answer 6

Both superior posterior lilac spines are found equally too prominent

Question 7

What does equal prominence of both superior posterior iliac spines indicate?

Answer 7

Equal prominence of both spines suggests backward luxation of the pelvis.

Question 8

What does it mean when both superior posterior iliac spines have receded anteriorly?

Answer 8

Forward luxation of the pelvis.

Question 9

What does one iliac spine being prominent and the other recessed anteriorly indicate?

Answer 9

A twisting of the pelvis sidewise.

Question 10

What does it mean when one iliac spine is higher than the other?

Answer 10

Lateral tilting of the pelvis

Question 11

What additional signs may accompany lateral pelvic tilt?

Answer 11

• Inequality in limb length
• Tenderness in tissues on the iliac crest of the low side due to tension
• Deepened waistline on the high side, and fullness on the low side.

Question 12

What tissues are always congested, and strained, but sensitive to pressure?

Answer 12

superficial and deep soft tissues in the sacroiliac and posterior sacral regions

Question 13

The general indications of innominate lesion, which would lead one to examine for such displacement, are

Answer 13

Backache
Sciatica
Pain or lameness in the limbs, Limping or unequal gait
Pelvic disease
Female disorders

Question 14

What are the most common types of innominate lesions?

Answer 14

I. Displacement forward or backward
II. Displacement upward or downward
III. Combinations of the above (most common)

Question 15

How common are simple lesions (only forward/backward or only up/down)?

Answer 15

Simple lesions are rare; combined displacements are the rule.

Question 16

What is the most common type of combined innominate lesion?

Answer 16

Downward and backward displacement, which lengthens the leg.

Question 17

What combined lesion also occurs frequently aside from the most common one?

Answer 17

Forward and upward displacement.

Question 18

What is the general pattern of combined innominate lesions?

Answer 18

Backward lesions are usually also downward

Forward lesions are usually also upward

Question 19

What does a lengthened limb indicate regarding innominate displacement?

Answer 19

A downward displacement of the innominate.

Question 20

What does a shortened limb indicate regarding innominate displacement?

Answer 20

An upward displacement of the innominate.

Question 21

Why does a downward lesion usually accompany a backward lesion of the innominate?

Answer 21

Because of the beveled, wedge-shaped edge of the sacrum where it articulates with the ilium.

Question 22

How is the auricular surface of the sacrum oriented?

Answer 22

Its broader in front and tilts forward, causing the posterior margin of its base to stand higher.

Question 23

EXAMINATION: PALPATION, aided by INSPECTION, is used in the examination…. What is the most reliable examination of an innonimate lesion?

Answer 23

The length of the limbs is compared, and is one of the first and most reliable methods of examining for lesion of the innominate

Question 24

The patient is laid upon his back; care is taken that he shall lie perfectly straight; the limbs are flexed and rotated to relax muscles and ligaments, and to prevent any unnatural tension in these structures from causing merely apparent difference in length.

This tells you what?

Answer 24

• One innominate is luxated
• Leg length (one longer/ shorter)

Question 25

Tenderness in the sacroiliac ligaments upon deep pressure, and tenderness in the tissues along the crest of the ilium indicate that the lesion is?

Answer 25

upon the side upon which such tenderness occurs

Question 26

Is the tenderness always an indication of the side of lesion? Why/ Why not?

Answer 26

While this tenderness and tension will usually indicate unilateral lesion It is not an invariable sign, as the strain thrown upon the opposite side often causes like effects.

Question 27

What common symptom is often present at the pubic symphysis in cases of pelvic lesions?

Answer 27

Tenderness at the pubic symphysis.

Question 28

What is the best physical indicator of an innominate lesion?

Answer 28

The position of the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS).

Question 29

How is the waist-line affected by a pelvic lesion?

Answer 29

Its often deeper on the lesion side due to the patient favoring that side and bending toward it.

Question 30

What muscular changes may occur on the side opposite the lesion?

Answer 30

Hypertrophy of the muscles around the hip, pelvis, and lower spine.

Question 31

What measurement technique can help assess leg length or pelvic asymmetry?

Answer 31

Measuring from the midline of the teeth to the inner malleolus of each tibia.

Question 32

The pudic nerve and artery may be located ?? (How to be reached?)

Answer 32

Where they cross the spine of the ischium, and be reached by deep pressure.

Question 33

How is the Pudic nerve found?

Answer 33

Pressure between the middle and lower third of a line drawn from the PSIS to the Tuber Ishii

Question 34

How can the gluteal arteries be impinged during examination?

Answer 34

Applying deep pressure between the upper and middle thirds of a line drawn from the PSIS to the outer side of the greater trochanter

Question 35

The spermatic or ovarian vessels may be manipulated by

Answer 35

deep pressure along a line beginning at the level of the umbilicus, and running down to enter the pelvis at a point internal to the ASIS Umbilicus down to the ASIS

Question 36

How is the hypogastric plexus accessed manually?

Answer 36

applying deep pressure about two inches below the umbilicus.

Question 37

Where is the hypogastric plexus anatomically located?

Answer 37

Between the common iliac arteries, just below the bifurcation of the aorta.

Question 38

Where do the pelvic plexuses lie in the body?

Answer 38

Deep in the pelvis, on either side of the rectum.

Question 39

The prostate gland lies below the ?

Answer 39

Anterior wall of the rectum

Question 40

As a rule local treatment is secondary to that done upon ?

Answer 40

spinal or pelvic lesion, which is usually the real cause of those conditions which require local treatment.

Question 41

If the cervix points forward and upward, the fundus has gone

Answer 41

down and back, and may be against the rectum.

Question 42

The round ligaments of the uterus may be located and may be stimulated by pressure upon the

Answer 42

upper margin of the pubic arch, externally from the symphysis.

Question 43

In Shoulder dislocations... What happens ?

Answer 43

The head of the humerus may be dislocated - Downward into the axilla - Forward beneath the clavicle - Backward upon the scapula - Forward beneath the coracoid process.

Question 44

A downward disloaction of the shoulder, the head of the humeus will be directed?

Answer 44

- Downward into the axilla

Question 45

A Forward disloaction of the shoulder, the head of the humeus will be directed?

Answer 45

Forward beneath the clavicle, beneath the coracoid process.

Question 46

A Backwards disloaction of the shoulder, the head of the humeus will be directed?

Answer 46

Backward upon the scapula

Question 47

Which bones can be displaced in an elbow dislocation?

Answer 47

The radius and ulna.

Question 48

How can the radius and ulna be displaced together?

Answer 48

They may be displaced - Backward - Externally - Internally

Question 49

How can the ulna be displaced alone?

Answer 49

Backward

Question 50

How can the radius be displaced alone?

Answer 50

Forward Back Outward

Question 51

Wrist disloaction...the radius and ulna may both be?

Answer 51

Forward Back Out

Question 52

Direct pressure will often Reduce ?

Answer 52

RADIO-ULNAR DISLOCATIONS CARPO-METACARPAL CARPAL

Question 53

______in case of the thumb are most frequent

Answer 53

METACARPO-PHALANEAL

Question 54

If the shoulder shoulder-joint is sprung It is done to?

Answer 54

Free blood-flow in the ligaments

Question 55

The branches of the brachial plexus and the axillary artery may be impinged against the inner side of the humerus just below the axilla. What kind of friction will reach these?

Answer 55

Transverse

Question 56

What muscles and nerves are stretched by strong flexion of the thigh on the thorax and the leg upon the thigh?

Answer 56

The quadriceps extensor muscle, - gluteal muscles and the gluteal portion of the sciatic nerve.

Question 57

What does hyper-extension of the thigh stretch?

Answer 57

Anterior structures, including the femoral vessels and anterior crural

Question 58

Where is pressure applied to impinge the femoral vessels and anterior crural nerve?

Answer 58

The midline of Scarpa's triangle, below the middle of Poupart's ligament.

Question 59

What does abnormal toe deviation indicate when observing the angle between the feet?

Answer 59

tenseness or laxness of the rotators or ligaments of the thigh and may indicate abnormal pelvic or hip conditions.

Question 60

The muscles of external rotation of the thigh are stretched by flexion combined with internal circumduction.stretches the___ and aids in removing irritation from the ____

Answer 60

... pyriformis, gemelli, and obturator muscles sciatic nerve

Question 61

What is a “slight luxation” or “slip” of a joint, and what might other pracitioners do?

Answer 61

A minor displacement of a joint that may be overlooked by other practitioners but can cause significant symptoms

Question 62

Why is osteopathic diagnosis important in cases of slight luxations?

Answer 62

Slight displacements are often not discovered by other practitioners

Question 63

What is the primary focus in treating old dislocations and chronic subluxations?

Answer 63

Preparing the parts by relaxing muscle contractures, softening ligaments, and improving blood and nerve supply to restore normal joint relations.

Question 64

How does the osteopath’s approach to diagnosis differ in cases of slight luxations or chronic subluxations?

Answer 64

Osteopaths look for causes of disease related to slight joint displacements that are often ignored or meaningless in other medical practices.