HB PowerPoint 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 Distinct levels of the body?

A
  1. Cells: Lowest structural level, specialised 4 functions.
  2. Tissues: Made of cells with similar specialisation.
  3. Organs: Made up of 2+ tissues, group together carry out common function.
  4. Systems: Highest level of organisation, made of group of organs working together.
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2
Q

What does the cell theory state?

A

The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells, the basic unit of life, and arise from pre-existing cells.

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3
Q

What is the structure of a cell?

A
  • Cell membrane.
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytosol
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Organelles (vesicles, centrioles, golgi body, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.)
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4
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Structure: Double layered membrane (bilayer) made up of phospholipids and proteins.
Function: Controls mvmnt of substances in/out of cell, physical barrier between inside and outside.

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5
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Structure: Thick fluid consisting of cytosol and organelles suspended in it.
Function: Allow chemical reactions to occur, provide shape to cell.

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6
Q

What is Cytosol?

A

Structure: Consists of 75-95% water with some dissolved substances (e.g. salts).
Function: Metabolic reactions occur here, and controls the osmotic pressure of the cell.

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7
Q

What is nucleus?

A

Structure: Spherical structure.
Function: Stores genetic material, mostly in the form of DNA.

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8
Q

What is the Nucleolus?

A

Structure: Small structure in the nucleus.
Function: Contains genetic material, mostly RNA.

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9
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Structure: Spherical structures suspended in the cytoplasm.
Function: Contain enzymes that break down materials or worn out organelles.

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10
Q

What is the Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Structure: Parallel membranes connecting the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
Function: Provide a surface for chemical reactions, stores and transports materials.

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11
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Structure: Small spheres, free in the cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Function: Join amino acids together to form proteins.

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12
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Structure: Small membrane bound sacs.
Function: Transport materials in/out and within the cell.

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13
Q

What is the Golgi Body?

A

Structure: Stacked, flattened membranes.
Function: Modify and package proteins for secretion.

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14
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Structure: Pairs of cylinders located near the nucleus.
Function: Involved in cell reproduction.

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15
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

Structure: Double membraned elongated structures (look like nutri-grain).
Function: Release energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

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