HC1 female

Question 1

3 Functions of Ovaries

Answer 1

1. Production of immature female gametes
   (oocytes)
2. Secretion of female sex hormones:
   estrogens, progestins
   * Feedback control uterine cycle
3. Secretion of inhibin:
   * feedback control of pituitary FSH

Question 2

Ovaries

Answer 2

Production of oocytes
Female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone
Secretion of inhibin, involved in the feedback control of FSH

Question 3

where are the ocytes are produced in

Answer 3

cortex (=outer rim) of ovary.
Oocytes are produced in a
follicle (=a group of cells)

Question 4

broad ligament

Answer 4

ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus are enclosed within an extensive mesentery. It attaches to the sides and floor of the pelvic cavity, continuous with parietal peritoneum

Question 5

Mesovarium

Answer 5

supports and stabilizes the position of each ovary

Question 6

ovarian hilum

Answer 6

ovary attaches here to blood vessels and the mesovarium

Question 7

Germinal epithelium

Answer 7

covers the surface of each ovary, consists of a layer of columnar epithelial cellls that overlies a dense connective tissue layer called the tunica albuginea

Question 8

uterine tubes

Answer 8

hollow muscular cylinder measuring about 13cm

Question 9

uterine tubes are divided

Answer 9

1. the infundibulum, end closest to the ovaries, fingerlike projections that extend into the pelvic cavity (fibriae)
2. the ampulla, middle region, thickness increases going towards uterus
3. Isthmus, a short region connected to the uterine wall

Question 10

uterine tube is made of

Answer 10

epithelium lining
ciliated columnar epithelial cells with scattered mucin-secreting cells, smooth muscle layers

Question 11

transport of oocyte in the uterine tube

Answer 11

ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions

Question 12

what kind of environment is the uterine tubes

Answer 12

nutrition rich, lipids and glycogen for both oocytes and sperm

Question 13

where does fertilization occur

Answer 13

near the boundary between the ampulla and isthmus of the uterine tube

Question 14

Uterus tasks

Answer 14

Muscular organ
* Mechanical protection
* Nutritional support
* Waste removal for the
developing embryo and fetus
* Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of suspensory
ligaments (uterosacral, round, lateral ligaments)

Question 15

What are the layers of the uterine wall

Answer 15

Uterus wall:
* Endometrium (10%)–
a thin, inner, glandular mucosa
* Myometrium (~90%) – outer muscular layer
* Perimetrium – an incomplete serosa (smooth membrane) continuous with the peritoneum

Question 16

functional layers of the uterine

Answer 16

basic layer, adjacemt to the myometrium, there’s uterine glands and the endometrical thickness. This layer undergoes a lot of changes changes during uterine cycle

Question 17

Repeating series of changes in the endometrium

Answer 17

• Basilar zone remains relatively constant
• Continues from menarche (first cycle) to menopause
• Menses
• Degeneration of endometrium (functional layer)
• =>Menstruation
• Proliferative phase
• Restoration of the endometrium
• Secretory phase
• Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion

Question 18

Oogenesis

Answer 18

is the production of gametes called oocytes, oogenesis takes place in the ovaries within structures called follicles.

Question 19

Ovarian cycle

Answer 19

the events od oocyte maturation which takes about a month

Question 20

Uterine cycle

Answer 20

series of events that prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized oocyte

Question 21

what happens in fetal development regarding to oogenesis

Answer 21

oogonia which are stem cells go through mitosis during Fetal development producing diploid primary oocytes, after 5 months of development, fetal ovaries contain an estimated 7 million primary oocytes, at birth 2 million, remaining primary oocytes undergo meiosis I and stay in prophase I until puberty → resumes and completes meiosis I in response to LH

Question 22

atresia

Answer 22

degeneration of oocytes before puberty (400k)

Question 23

puberty oocyte

Answer 23

resumes meiosis I and producing haploid secondary oocytes. Oogenesis produces one secondary oocyte is unevenly distributed during the original cytoplasm, and two or three polar bodies, nonfunctional cell that later disintegrate

Question 24

Oogenesis steps

Answer 24

1. Mitosis of oogonium, oogonium → 1. oogonium and 1. primary oocyte 2n
2. Meiosis I, 3-7month of the Fetal Development, the primary oocytes prepare to undergo meiosis → prophase I, at puberty the rise of FSH trigger the starit of the ovarian cycle→triggers meiosis I to finish→fisrt polar body and a secondary oocyte
3. Meiosis II, ovulation releaces a secondary oocyte which is in metaphase II, at fertilization another polar body forms and the oocyte is then called mature ovum