Practice exam Flashcards
The follicular cells that surround the secondary oocyte are together called the …. and are ….
corona radiata, diploid
if an embryo is successfully implanted in the endometrium, the trophoblast will produce a hormone that guarantees the
survival of the corpus luteum. This is a recognition signal for the mother that pregnancy has occurred. What is the name of that hormone and what is the result?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin that ensures that levels of progesterone remain high in the blood
Human chorion gonadotropin ensures that menstruation does not take place
Shortly after fertilization:
A polar body is formed
The menarche is a synonym of
the first occurrence of menstruation of a woman
What is the effect of low FSH levels on sperm production?
lower production
Sperm cells must undergo ….. In the female genitals to be able to fertilize an egg cell
capacitation
sperm cells develop from stem cells called:
spermatogonia
The pituitary hormone that contributes to progesterone secretion in ovaries and testosterone secretion in the testes is
LH
Pheromones are hormones that ensure
communication between members of the same species
The pituitary hormone that ensures the development of egg cells in the ovaries and sperm in the testes is
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
An increase in GnRH, FSH, LH but not the gonadal sex hormones in the blood indicate the following developmental stage:
menopause
in which phase are we when estrogen and progesterone are decreasing after a peak
menses
Viagra works in men to correct erection problems. The mechanism is to decrease [Ca2+] in the corpus cavernosum. What
does Viagra do
It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and it inhibits the conversion of cGMP to GMP
Which change would you expect when the LH peak does not happen during the menstrual cycle?
ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum does not take place
spontaneous abortion during the first trimester occurs frequently. Why
Because in the general population the age of first pregnancy is increasing
Because 5 out of 10 pregnancies fail, despite an initially successful fertilization, during this trimester
The first axis that is established in the blastocyst, around which the embryo forms, is:The first axis that is established in the blastocyst, around which the embryo forms, is
The dorsal-ventral axis
Muscles are formed from a cell layer in the prenatal organism, which is called
mesoderm
E-cadherin signal transduction, as found in the blastomere stadium is an example of
juxtracrine transmission
An example of ectoderm is ……., and of mesoderm is…..
Nervous tissue, heart
During implantation the following happens
the syncytial trophoblasts erode a path through the endometrium
Mesenchyme is:
type of cell, characterized by the form of cells
Mesenchyme is a type of embryonic tissue that gives rise to various structures in the body, such as cartilage, bone, muscle, and connective tissues. It is derived from both the mesoderm and the neural crest through a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult stem cell, have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types and are being studied for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine.
At a given moment both ectoderm (cranial / main side) and epiblast (caudal / tail side) is present in the developing embryo.
At what stage is the embryo
the transition from bilaminar to trilaminar disc
There is a mutation in the BMP4 gene, which results in (too) low levels of BMP in the ectoderm. What is your prediction for
what this layer will eventually become?
The entire layer becomes neural plate, no epidermis is formed
Is it possible to measure the effect of a teratogen (such as alcohol) on the cognitive development of an individual?
No, this can only be done at the population level (with a correction for other environmental factors)
