HC13-Activism

Question 2

defenition of an activist

Answer 2

Changed overtime

1962-communist action committee
1988-millitant action
2010-political cause
2012-advocate for political or social change

Question 3

environmental conflicts

Answer 3

social conflicts over the
environment that manifest through mobilizations by individuals or groups in response to perceived environmental threats with detrimental social impacts (Scheidel et al., 2020, p. 2)

Question 4

social movements

Answer 4

is a collective behaviour based on some continuity to promote or resist change in society. It is
characterized by:

(i) collective action, which is initiated, organized and sustained
(ii) ideology
(iii) oriented towards social change.

Question 5

Environmentalism for the poor (Guha and Martinez-Alier, 1997) and ecosystem people (Gadgil and Guha, 1995)

Answer 5

describes the environmental protection actions by poor people who were struggling against the degradation of the environment upon which their livelihood depended.

Question 6

material dimension of social movements

Answer 6

Unequal exploitation and destruction of nature reflects (post)colonial injustices.

-unequal ecological exchange: core natuons and peripheral regions

apolitical/political/science

Question 7

ideational dimension of social movements

Answer 7

Underlying are conflicting
epistemologies: what is the truth, how knowledge is being produced and what knowledge is being accepted as legitimate

Question 8

Buen Vivir-ideational2 issues 2 features

Answer 8

plural concept: different interpretations depending on setting. new form of sovereignity state co-exists with indigenous ideas.

issues:
1. critical reflection to western development theory
2.alternative to development

features:
1. happiness is only possible within community (solidarity)
2.relationship with nature (everything is connected)
3. focus on non-materialist values (knowledge, cultural and spiritual)

Question 9

rights of nature-hybrid

Answer 9

-nature is still important but combine with a very WEstern thing: rights. Like a baby, has all rights, although it can not talk or write.

problems:

1.who will define the rights?
2. Who will compensate when violating the rights?
3.Transboundary ecosystems
4.Where does nature stop?
5. issue of misuse (restricting rights of dependent communities)

Question 10

participatory approaches to development to overcome differences…

Answer 10

from top-down to more particapatory.

disadvantages:

1. there is not one homogenous area; there is also local powerplay; there is no such thing as one community.
2. it becomes a ticking the boxes thing; when to call it particapatory
3. elite capture; people have no time

Question 11

challenges of the shift to NGO’s (ch11)

Question 12

protest in Peru

Answer 12

indigenous people in peru stood up against an oil company.

-environmental conflict: environmental threats

-social movement: collected, organized, wanting change

-environmentalism for the poor: which their livelihoods depend on

IT IS ALL POLITICAL

Question 13

climate litigation

Answer 13

people going to court -> urgenda

Question 14

saúl

Answer 14

due to melting glaciers, Andean farmer Saul is in danger of flood waves.

NGO GErman watch supported to sue RWE for being responsible for Climate Change because of CO2

Question 15

what makes protests succesfull?

Answer 15

1. strategy: more strategies, you can switch. Lawsuits only succeed in combination with public pressure
2. timing: when companie did not invest too much, they can change more easily