Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

dn > HC3 > Flashcards

HC3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome

A

port-wine stain
calcification of the gyri (kronkels)
epilespy
hemiparesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

conclusions of lesion studies

A

after left hemisperectomy: impairments in all language functions

after right; borderline performance

etiology matters:
- more severe impairment for cortical dysplasia (in cell migration didnt reach right areas)

  • best outcome for left vascular aand right rasmussen (epilepsie aanvallen langdurig)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exogenous attention is triggered by external stimuli and reflexive, develops earlier/later in childhood and is involved in which brain region?

A

earlier in childhood

Parietal = tactile, somatic sensory information, orienting, associative functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endogenous attention is internal and voluntary

develops later/earlier in childhood

involved in brain regions:

A

later in childhood

anterior cingulate and prefrontal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

subtypes of attention

A

vigilance/sustained attention

selective attention

attentional control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what falls under attentional control?

A

inhibition

divided attention

self-regulation and monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

selective attention

what processes does it entail

at what age can child focus

when are growth spurts

A
  • Temporoparietal cortex and basal ganglia
  • disengagement, shifting, engagement, inhibition of return and
    anticipatory eye movements
  • 7-10 months can already focus (Lawson & Ruff, 2004)
  • Further growth spurts at:
    – 3-6 years of age
    – 8-10 years
    – Around 15 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

timeframe of vigilance (sustained attention)

A
  • Emerges gradually during infancy and early childhood
  • Accelerated development 8-11 years old
  • Only gradual improvements during adolescence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

attentional control (inhibition and attention control & divided attention)

what entails

A
  • Divided attention
    – Little evidence for this before the
    age of 9 years
    – Linked to anterior cingulate and
    prefrontal cortex
  • Inhibition & attention control
    – See executive function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are acquired attentional disorders?

A

traumatic brain injury

stroke

metabolic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of attention is measured with stroop task?

A

selective attention

inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the bourdon-vos task and what does it measure?

A

je moet van 33 stippenpatronen degenen doorstrepen die uit vier stippen bestaan

is voor kinderen van 6 tot 17 jaar

meet sustained en focused attention

de tijd dat ze erover doen wordt gemeten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trail making task 2 versions what are they and hat do they measure

A

version A: focused attention verbind lijntjes van 1 naar 2 naar 3 etc

version B: divided attention verbind lijntje van 1 naar A naar 2 naar B etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is test of everyday attention and details?

-age
-number of subtests
-what does it measure

A
  • 6-16 years
  • Nine subtests
  • Assessing:
    – Selective attention
    – Sustained attention
    – Attention control
    – Response inhibition
  • Dutch and Australian norms available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

processes of memory in chronological order?

A

encoding

storage

retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the difference btwn recognition and retrieval?

A

retrieval is being able to reproduce previously learnt information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

duration of sensory register

A

milli- to seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

duration & capacity short-term memory

A

several minutes
~7 items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

duration and capacity long term memory

A

hours, days, months, years
capacity > 7 items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the development of short-term/ and working memory (temporary) influenced by?

A

repetition speed and

development of strategies such as chunking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

development of WM/STM?

A

Gradual increase in memory span
* 3-4 items: 3 years old
* 5-6 items: 9 years old
* 7 or more: early adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why does implicit memory develop earlier than explicit memory?

A

the basal ganglia and
brainstem are relatively well developed at birth.

23
Q

what is the contingent leg kicking paradigm and what does it measure?

A

an infant’s leg is tethered to an overhead mobile and subsequent leg kicks cause the mobile to move providing reinforcement to the infant; when you put them in same crib sometime later, they
move the leg that was attached to the mobile;

measure of implicit, procured memory.

24
Q

what areas (related to explicit memory) are less developed at birth?

A

The hippocampus and medial temporal lobe

25
Q

what is the delayed non-matching to sample task?

A

The DNMS task requires the subject to compare a presented sample object with a previously presented comparison object and encourages the selection of a novel object with an object’s second presentation. An edible reward is given to the subject to encourage the novel item selection. After learning the rule for avoiding the familiar object in favor of novelty, the delay period between object demonstrations is increased from 10 to 120 seconds and the number of displayed objects requiring recollection increases

involved in hippocampal regions (lesions in monkeys impaired performance on dnms task)

26
Q

what is the conscious memory system in place at birth and what does it develop into? + areas involved

A

at birth: pre-explicit system > mainly hippocampus

after birth gradually develops into: explicit system > hippocampus + temporal cortex

27
Q

in dnms what systems are in place?

A

explicit: pointing preference

pre-explicit: looking preference

28
Q

what brain area involved in memory takes even longer to develop? and what exactly is it involved in?

A

the prefrontal lobe

is involved in organisation of memory and retrieval strategies (metacognition)

29
Q

when does source memory develop?

A

after 4 years of age

30
Q

what develops earlier; recognition or recall?

A

recall develops earlier

31
Q

can you have semantic memory without episodic memory?

A

yes, you don’t need to remember where you learnt it

jon had a premature birth (26 weeks) and showed impaired episodic memory;
impaired spatial memory but normal semantic memory, normal intelligence, verbal functions
also normal, recognition better than recollection.

32
Q

what are possible explanations of early injury of hippocampus in JON and being able to recognize but nog recollect and normal semantic memory?

A

(1) recollection recognition memory
is impaired, semantic and familiarity recognition memory intact (static model)

(2) Temporary projections of rhinal cortex to hippocampus remain because of lesion,
therefore intact semantic memory

(3) Reorganisation of memory network (more bilateral activity in Jon compared to controls)

33
Q

what is developmental amnesia?

A

memory disorder resulting from abnormal neural development or damage before birth, usually no laterality effects. Different aspects of memory can be impaired in different combinations. Selective, therefore the other cognitive functions often develop normally.

34
Q

what is retrograde amnesia?

A

loss of memory of previously learnt information.

35
Q

what is anterograde amnesia?

A

inability to learn new information. Patients with amnesia usually have
problems forming new explicit memories. Implicit learning often remains intact.

36
Q

what are causes of acquired memory disorders?

A

Causes:
* Traumatic brain injury
* Anoxia
* Epilepsy
* Tumour
* Neurosurgery

37
Q

what is the corsi block test and what does is measure?

A

9 blokjes voor participant, proefleider tikt blokjes in bepaalde volgorde aan, participant moet die volgorde nadoen meerdere keren

measures short term memory

38
Q

what tests measure STM?

A

WISC-V series of numbers and

corsi block test

39
Q

Rey auditory verbal learning test

what is it & what age group

A

(Dutch version, 15 woorden test)

6-12 years old

40
Q

what tests measure recall/retention?

A

rey auditory verbal learning test

15 woorden test

story recall test (immediate and delayed reproduction)

41
Q

what is measured with the kaufman abc II test + what are the norms?

A

norms: 3-18 yo

non-verbal working memory:

  • Movements of the hand: copying movements of the hand in a certain order

Spatial memory:

  • remembering the position of a picture
    on a page
  • Recognising faces: recognising a certain face from a
    large group of faces
42
Q

what is Rey complex figure for implicit non-verbal memory and what are the norms?

A

6-89 yo

It includes immediate copy and delayed recall. Subjects copy complex geometric shapes and then reproduce them from memory. The neuropsychological dysfunction of a subject can be assessed by drawing performance, including attention and concentration, fine-motor coordination, visuospatial perception, non-verbal memory, planning and organization, and spatial orientation

disadv; strong learning effect

43
Q

EF: when do growth spurs in prefrontal myelinisation occur?

A

– 0-2 years
– 7-9 years
– 16-19 years

44
Q

when does object permanence develop?

A

after 7 months of age

45
Q

what are two aspects in the A not B task?

A

short term memory and inhibition of previous response

46
Q

name four components of EF

A
  • Attentional control
  • Cognitive flexibility
  • Goal setting
  • Information processing
47
Q

in normal development of attentional control, when does it develop?

A

starts in babies, and goes
quickly during the first years of life.
– Growth spurt around 15 years old

48
Q

when do cognitive flexibility, goal setting and information processing develop?

A

Later, usually btwn 7-9 yo and is relatively mature around 12 yo

followed by integration with executive control

49
Q

how do you measure cognitive flexibility and what are the norms?

A

w/ the WCST

6.5-89

50
Q

what test measures divided attention and what are norms?

A

version B of trail making test> from 12 years onwards

51
Q

what test measures planning?

norms

A

tower of london

7-15 & 16-80

52
Q

what test measures inhibition?

A

luria hand gestures and tapping game

53
Q

what is bads-c?

A

8-16 years): playing cards test, water
test, key searching test, zoo map test, six-part test, DEX questionnaire.

54
Q

brief

A

Questionnaire (86 items) completed by parents/teacher
* From 5-18 years.
* Two factors
– Regulation of behaviour (inhibit, shift, and emotional control)
– Metacognition (initiate, working memory, plan/organise, organisation of
materials, and monitor)

dn (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions