HCARE_LEC4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Diseases in which biological agents or their
products are the cause and are transmissible from one person to another.
Communicable or Infectious Diseases
Illness that cannot be transmitted.
➔ Often called ____, as many factors such as genetic,
environmental, or behavioral determinants
may contribute to the disease.
Noncommunicable or Non-infectious diseases; multicausational diseases
● Peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within 3 months (or sooner), and recovery is usually complete.
● Sometimes, aside from having complete recovery, there are acute diseases that give you lifetime immunity
Acute Diseases
● symptoms continue loner than 3 months, and in some cases, for the remainder of one’s life.
● Recovery is slow and sometimes incomplete
Chronic Diseases
the ability of a biological agent to enter, grow and multiply in a host and spread to other hosts
Infectivity
infectious agent’s ability to produce a disease
Pathogenicity
●___– the element that must be present for
disease to occur
● ___– any susceptible organism. (plant, animal, or human) invaded by the infectious agent.
● ___ – includes all other factors – physical, biological, or social, that inhibit or promote
disease transmission
Agents, Host, The environment
○ Your environment is like your regulator for
the transmission of a disease. So it either
inhibits, promotes, or propagates the
transmission of disease.
Chain of Infection Model
● Pathogen
● Reservoir
● Portal of Exit
● Transmission
● Portal of Entry
● Establishment of infection in new host
____A communicable disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans
____a disease which only
infects humans.
Zoonosis; Anthroponosis
what portal of exit?
● ____– common colds, influenza, measles, tuberculosis.
● ____– Gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, AIDS. (STIs)
● ____ – amebic dysentery, shigellosis,
polio, typhoid fever, and cholera.
● ____ – ring-worm and jock itch.
● ____– rubella virus, syphilis, spirochetes, hepatitis B virus.
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
Digestive tract
Skin
Transplacental
what mode of transmission?
immediate transfer of the disease agent between infected and susceptible individual by:
➔ touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse, or direct projection (Droplet
spread.)
➔ Examples: AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea,
rabies, and the common cold.
Direct transmission
what mode of transmission?
➔____: dissemination of microbial aerosols (dust or droplet nuclei made up or in part of microorganisms) to suitable portal of entry (usually respiratory tract.)
➔ Examples: tuberculosis, influenza,
measles.
Airborne; Airborne
What indirect transmission?
➜ Contaminated materials or objects
(fomites) serving as vehicle
➜ Communicable agents are transferred to a
susceptible host
Ex. toys, handkerchiefs, utensils, water,
food, milk, blood, serum, plasma, organs,
tissues
Vehicle- borne transmission
What indirect transmission?
➔ Transfer of disease by a living organism
(e.g. mosquito, fly, tick)
➔ Transmission may be mechanical or biological
➔ Mechanical: contaminated mouth parts or feet of vector (e.g. cockroach can carry
disease on their feet)
➔ Biological: multiplication or
developmental changes of agent in the vector before transmission
Vector-borne transmission
➜ Implies planning for and taking action to
prevent or forestall the occurrence of an
undesirable event
Prevention
➜ containment of a disease
➜ may include prevention and intervention
measures
Control
➜ taking of action during an event
Intervention
➜ uprooting or total elimination of a disease from human population
➜ an elusive goal, one that is rarely achieved
in public health
Eradication
What level of prevention?
➜ Goal: forestall the onset of illness/injury during PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD (before the
disease process/before the disease happen)
PRIMARY PREVENTION
What level of prevention?
➜ to in order treat the disease/to limit the ability that can be caused by the disease and prevent the
advancement of the disease
SECONDARY PREVENTION
What level of prevention?
➜ re-train, re-educate, and rehabilitate the patient who already incurred a disability
➜ patient has already gone through a disease and patient already recovered
TERTIARY PREVENTION
→ detects disease in early pathogenesis,
permitting intervention (treatment) and
limiting disability.
→ purpose is not to diagnose disease, rather
it is to economically and efficiently sort those who are probably health from those who could possibly be positive for a
disease.
Health screenings
What level of prevention?
➜ Health promotion
➜ Specific protection
Primary Prevention
What level of prevention?
➔ Early diagnosis and Prompt Treatment
➜ Disability limitation
Secondary Prevention
