HCP 1

Question 1

Fever Mechanism

Answer 1

Infection -> Macrophage recognizes pathogen and secretes IL-1, IL-6, TNF (pyrogens) -> pyrogens travel to Blood Brain BArrier (OVLT, Vascular organo lamina terminalis) -> Activate phospholipase A2 in membrane in endothelial cells -> Release of Arachidonic Acid -> In cytoplasm, Arachidonic Acid converted to PGG2, PGH2 and finally PGE2 by cycylooxygenase enzyme -> PGE2 binds to EP3, a Gsalpha receptor -> Increase cAMP, a secondary messenger in thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus -> Increase T set by increasing sympathetic firing to cause shivering

Question 2

TI-1 and TI-2 activation

Answer 2

TI-1 Polyclonal activators such as lipopolysaccharide (PAMPS) -> bind to TLR-4 of mature and immature B-cells -> TI-1 antigen stimulate B-cells to activate, proliferate and increase immunoglobulin production TI-2 Multivalent polysaccharides cross link BCRs of mature B-cell causing close proximity of IgA and IgG cytoplasmic tail -> phosphorylation and initiation of signal transduction cascade

Question 3

B cell differentiate via

Answer 3

cytokines IL-4 and IL-5

Question 4

mature b cells have what Ig initially

Answer 4

IgD, IgM

Question 5

components of gram positive cell wall

Answer 5

teichoic acids, thick peptidoglycan wall,

Question 6

components of gram negative cell wall

Answer 6

LPS, thin peptidoglycan wall