HCS2023 WEEK 1 lecture+core reading

Question 1

how do we learn to talk

Answer 1

observations, imitation, learn phonemes and make noises
functional physical system (lungs, larynx tongue)

Question 2

how do we learn to understand

Answer 2

associate sound patterns we hear with object around in our environment
functional auditory systems, sight for non-verbal communication

Question 3

how do we learn to communicate

Answer 3

observe conversation, understand that making noise draws attention, starts basis of communication
social and cultural constraints impact how we learn to communicate (different gestures)

Question 4

why is term ‘typical development’ potentially problematic

Answer 4

variation across/between languages, different communication styles and methods, doesn’t include neurodivergence

Question 5

what are importance of services for early years

Answer 5

ensure children on track with development to go to school ready to learn
future economic implication (political)

Question 6

what is importance of having knowledge of ‘typical’ child development

Answer 6

so service aimed at those who need external support, and so stretched services are not given to children who would be fine without support

Question 7

at what age can children say complex sentences with word “because”
(I’m not going swimming later because I’ve got to go to Granny’s party)

Answer 7

3-4 year

Question 8

at what age does child start to say babbling sounds

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

at what age can child understand short spoken phrases (shoes on)

Answer 9

18 months

Question 10

at what age does child engage in functional play

Answer 10

18 months

Question 11

at what age can children say most speech sounds clearly and speech is easily understandable/intelligble to others

Answer 11

5 years

Question 12

by what age does child have ‘meta’ knowledge about language (number of syllables in the word ‘caterpillar’, why words belong in the same semantic category such as ‘clothes’; the first sound of the word ‘strawberry)

Answer 12

6-7 years

Question 13

at what age does child start to say first words

Answer 13

1 year

Question 14

at what age does child have spoken vocabularly of more than 10 words

Answer 14

12-18months

Question 15

by what age does child engage in imaginative play

Answer 15

3 years

Question 16

when does child put spoken vocab into phrases (more juice)

Answer 16

18 months

Question 17

what age can child understand 3-4key word instructions

Answer 17

3-4 years

Question 18

what age can child use their spoken language for range of reasons (to explain, argue, narrate)

Answer 18

5 years

Question 19

name some of the different approach

Answer 19

1. medical
2. social
3. impairment
4. developmenta;
5. educational
6. functional
7. psychological
8. biopsychosocial
9. ecological
10. neurodiverse

Question 20

outline examples in medical approach

Answer 20

cleft lip paalte

Question 21

outline examples in social approach

Answer 21

school, home, friendships

Question 22

outline examples in impairment approach

Answer 22

lacking, deficiencies

Question 23

outline examples in educational approach

Answer 23

navigating school system, what content is accessible

Question 24

outline examples in functional approach

Answer 24

friendships, functional impacts on life

Question 25

outline examples in psychological approach

Answer 25

impacts on child mental health (anxiety causes stammer and selective mutism)

Question 26

what is issue with term impairmnet

Answer 26

puts focus on individual, something wrong and perhaps no point interveneing as will not get better (prevents access to many opportunities)

Question 27

outlines with need/difference terminology

Answer 27

too vague suggest support required but not nececssarily something that needs fixing (may prevent access to support, as difference implies they are different, but fine. actually needs more support)

Question 28

what term may a parent prefer

Answer 28

disorder as opens access to different support in practice can speak to parent to see what terms they prefer

Question 29

outline social context in the differences for how a family may prefer to label their child with a problem

Answer 29

struggle with child needing extra support, may want term that doesn't express severity

Question 30

at a society level, what does describing difference due

Answer 30

present challenge and prevent access to necessary supports (governments see difference as fine, prevent funding)

Question 31

when it comes to neurodiverse terminology, what do systematic reviews tend to find

Answer 31

medical language still dominates research

Question 32

outline identity-first vs person-first language

Answer 32

autistic person vs person with autism

Question 33

neurodevelopmental conditions is in medical impairment approach, what does this suggest

Answer 33

result from genetic, environmental factor interact to change brain development, tend to run in families suggests a common cause but not sure what include ASD, ADHD, LD, DLD, motor-coordination disorders

Question 34

what is neurodiversity located in (model-wise)

Answer 34

social model of disability = asset, not deficit approach identify strengths, focused on ASD, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia

Question 35

outline Bronfenbrenner bioecological model

Answer 35

individuals interaction with microsystems, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem

Question 36

in Bronfenbrenner biological theory of human development, what is included in microsystem

Answer 36

family and peers

Question 37

in Bronfenbrenner biological theory of human development, what is included in mesosystem

Answer 37

school

Question 38

in Bronfenbrenner biological theory of human development, what is included in exosystem

Answer 38

society

Question 39

in Bronfenbrenner biological theory of human development, what is included in macrosystem

Answer 39

shared belief systems

Question 40

what are pragmatic language skills

Answer 40

relates to higher level aspects of discourse, like understanding need of listener, eg; amount of info they need

Question 41

name some at home literacy factors

Answer 41

book exposure and preliteracy activites