HD4: Virology

Question 1

How many genes does a virus encode for?

2) What are the 2 main things they encode for?

Answer 1

3-100

2) structural proteins (to form part of a new virus) and non-structural proteins (e.g. enzymes)

Question 2

What are the 2 roles of non-structural protein genes virus’ can encode for?

Answer 2

Act with cellular enzymes to replicate virus

May switch of host cell activities / block immune system

Question 3

What are the 2 shapes capsids come in?

2) Do they attach to host cells?

Answer 3

sphere or icosohedron.

2) yes if lipid envelope is not present

Question 4

Why can’t virus be classified based on disease?

Answer 4

different virus ause the same symptom disease, same virus cause different disease or none at all normally

Question 5

classify the virus:
Herpes viruses (HSV, cold sores, chickenpox  varicella zoster)

Answer 5

double stranded DNA virus

Question 6

classify the virus:

Hepatitis B virus

Answer 6

double stranded DNA virus

Question 7

classify the virus:

adenovirus

Answer 7

double stranded DNA virus

Question 8

classify the virus:

influenza virus

Answer 8

singles stranded RNA virus

Question 9

classify the virus:

measles

Answer 9

singles stranded RNA virus

Question 10

classify the virus:

HIV

Answer 10

retrovirus, are an RNA virus, but not as have a reverse transcription stage

Question 11

classify the virus:

parvovirus (childhood rash illness)

Answer 11

single-stranded DNA

Question 12

classify the virus:

rotavirus (childhood diarrhoea

Answer 12

double-stranded RNA

Question 13

classify the virus:

Mumps

Answer 13

singles stranded RNA virus

Question 14

classify the virus:

Rhinovirus

Answer 14

singles stranded RNA virus

Question 15

classify the virus:

Hepatitis C virus

Answer 15

singles stranded RNA virus

Question 16

What are the oral manifestations of herpangina?

2) What type of virus is it?

Answer 16

1) common lesions in the mouth , ulcers on palate

2) enterovirus (positive sense single stranded RNA)

Question 17

What are the oral manifestations of oral hairy leucoplakia

2) what is its other name?
3) who will be affected by it?

Answer 17

1) white patch on tongue that doesn’t rub of
2) epstein barr virus
3) immunocomprimised patients

Question 18

What does a herpes simplex virus look like under electron microscope?

Answer 18

fried egg, the yolk is the capsid, the white is the lipid envelope

Question 19

What does the measles virus look like under an electron microscope?

Answer 19

a sack= lipid envelope, with rectanglke stringy stuff (capid, which is coating RNA)

Question 20

What is the difference between the capsids of measles and herpes simplex virus?

Answer 20

herpes simplex, spherical (contains DNA)

while measles is rectangley shape (and is coating RNA)

Question 21

What is the name of the virus where the capsid is icosahedral and there are surface proteins?

Answer 21

adenovirus

Question 22

What is the name of the virus where the capsid is ovally shape with a thin lipid envelope that is lineated (the lines are caused by presence of surface proteins. It is a flourescent green image

Answer 22

infleunza virus

Question 23

What is the viral intracellular life cycle: (5)

Answer 23

Attachment
B entry
C replication and protein synthesis
D assembly
Release

Question 24

In which groups will viral infections be more severe?

Answer 24

compromised
extremes of age
preganancy (infections may affect foetus)

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE If someone has acute hep B and are symptomatic, this shows the immune system is fighting off the infection.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

acute, persistent, reactivation or latent Categorise: measles

Answer 26

acute

Question 27

acute, persistent, reactivation or latent Categorise: adenovirus

Answer 27

persistent

Question 28

acute, persistent, reactivation or latent Categorise: herpesvirus family

Answer 28

latent

Question 29

acute, persistent, reactivation or latent Categorise: cold sores and shingles

Answer 29

reactivation

Question 30

acute, persistent, reactivation or latent Categorise: mumps

Answer 30

acute

Question 31

Where do virus generally lye dormant?

Answer 31

dorsal root ganglion

Question 32

What does the adenovirus cause?

Answer 32

colds/ conjunctiviits

Question 33

How can the following be transmitted: | shingles, saliva (EBV, HSV, CMV)

Answer 33

Contact - including via fomites (inanimate objects  needles/ chair/ desk)

Question 34

How can the following be transmitted: | e.g. influenza, measles, chickenpox

Answer 34

respiratory route

Question 35

How can the following be transmitted: | e.g. hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV

Answer 35

blood exposure

Question 36

How can the following be transmitted: | e.g. enteroviruses & diarrhoea viruses

Answer 36

faecal oral

Question 37

Viral diagnostic techniques:

Answer 37

``` Traditional techniques (electron microscopy and viral culture) have made way for cutting edge techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction to detect viral RNA/DNA directly. ```

Question 38

What viru shas been eliminated from the UK fro 18 months but is coming back?

Answer 38

measles