HDS

Question 1

What are biological molecules and what do they contain?

Answer 1

Critically important molecules needed for organisms to survive; carbon

Question 2

What are the 3 main nutrients in food

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

Question 3

Molecule size of proteins

Answer 3

Very large

Question 4

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 4

Immediate source of energy
Some make up fibre that the body cannot digest. Passes out undigested and forms the bulk of our faeces

Question 5

Functions of lipids

Answer 5

Energy reserve and acts as insulation against heat loss from body

Question 6

Size of carbohydrate molecules

Answer 6

Big/small

Question 7

Function of proteins

Answer 7

Make new cells for body growth and repair worn out tissues

Question 8

Size of lipid molecules

Answer 8

Often small

Question 9

Definition of enzymes

Answer 9

Biological catalysts. Speed up the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being chemically changed at the end of reactions

Question 10

What are the associated organs and glands in the digestive system

Answer 10

Liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 11

What is the tube in the mammalian digestive system called

Answer 11

Alimentary canal

Question 12

Definition of digestion

Answer 12

Process that breaks down large, insoluble, complex food substances into small, soluble, simple molecules

Question 13

Why is digestion necessary

Answer 13

Turn complex food substances into smaller, soluble molecules that are small enough to be easily absorbed into the cells of the small intestine and rest of the body

Question 14

What are the two types of digestion

Answer 14

Physical & chemical

Question 15

What is physical digestion

Answer 15

Breaking up food into smaller pieces

Question 16

List the physical digestion processes and what they are done by

Answer 16

Chewing (teeth), churning (stomach), bile emulsification

Question 17

Why is physical digestion needed

Answer 17

Increase surface area to volume ratio of the ingested food so that enzymes can digest it more efficiently

Question 18

What does chemical digestion involve

Answer 18

Breaking down large molecules into small soluble molecules by digestive enzymes

Question 19

Why is chemical digestion needed

Answer 19

So small soluble molecules can be easily absorbed by cells in small intestine

Question 20

What do the salivary glands produce

Answer 20

Saliva

Question 21

Function of salivary amylase

Answer 21

Digest starch into maltose

Question 22

What is the optimum pH of salivary amylase

Answer 22

pH 7

Question 23

The tongue rolls up the chewed food into a ______

Answer 23

Bolus

Question 24

What moves the bolus along the oesophagus

Answer 24

Peristalsis (rhythmic wave-like contractions of the muscles)

Question 25

What is found in the gastric juice

Answer 25

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 26

Function of pepsin

Answer 26

Digests proteins into polypeptides

Question 27

Optimum pH of pepsin

Answer 27

pH 1

Question 28

What does the liver produce

Answer 28

Bile

Question 29

Where is bile stored and released

Answer 29

Gall bladder Released into the small intestine via the bile duct

Question 30

Functions of bile

Answer 30

Emulsifies lipids by breaking up large fat droplets into tiny fat droplets -> increases surface area to volume ratio to increase rate of lipid digestion by lipases Neutralise the acidic chyme from the stomach

Question 31

What does the pancreas produce

Answer 31

Pancreatic juice

Question 32

What digestive enzymes do the walls of the small intestine secrete

Answer 32

Carbohydrases Peptidase Intestinal Lipase

Question 33

What does the pancreatic juice contain

Answer 33

Pancreatic Amylase Trypsin Pancreatic Lipase

Question 34

Function of carbohydrases

Answer 34

Digest disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 35

Function of pancreatic amylase

Answer 35

Digest starch to maltose molecules

Question 36

Function of peptidase

Answer 36

Digest polypeptides to individual units of amino acids

Question 37

What is one example of a carbohydrase and say its function

Answer 37

Maltase- Digest maltose to glucose molecules

Question 38

Function of trypsin

Answer 38

Digest proteins to polypeptides

Question 39

Function of intestinal lipase

Answer 39

Digest lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 40

Function of pancreatic lipase

Answer 40

Digest lipids to fatty acids

Question 41

Where are faeces temporarily stored

Answer 41

Rectum

Question 42

What is the process of expelling the faeces via the anus called

Answer 42

Egestion