Head Flashcards
(33 cards)
skull AP axial (Towne)
10x12 lengthwise
MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR (or IOML)
CR 30-degrees caudal (37-degrees for IOML)
MSP, enters 2 1/2 in above glabella, passes through level of EAM
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of the skull
Respiration: suspend
skull AP axial (Towne)
evaluation criteria
dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes visible within foramen magnum
bony detail of occipital bone and surrounding soft tissues
skull lateral
10x12 crosswise
pt anterior oblique (upright or recumbent)
side of interest closest to IR, true lateral position
MSP parallel to IR
IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular
Enters 2 inches superior to EAM
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of the skull
Respiration: suspend
skull lateral
evaluation criteria
entire cranium without rotation or tilt
superimposed orbital roofs and greater wings of sphenoid
superimposed mastoid regions and EAM
no overlap of c-spine by mandible
bony detail of cranium and surrounding soft tissues
skull PA axial (Caldwell)
10x12 lengthwise
forehead and nose touching IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 15-degrees caudal
MSP, exits @ nasion
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull
Respiration: suspend
skull PA axial (Caldwell)
evaluation criteria
entire cranium without rotation or tilt
symmetric petrous ridges; lying in lower third of orbits
bony detail of frontal bone and surrounding soft tissues
skull PA
10x12 lengthwise
forehead and nose touching IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular
MSP, exits @ nasion
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull
Respiration: suspend
skull PA
evaluation criteria
entire cranium without rotation or tilt
symmetric petrous ridges; filling orbits
bony detail of frontal bone and surrounding soft tissues
skull SMV (Schuller)
10x12 lengthwise
extend pt’s neck to greatest extent achievable, top of head touching IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular to IOML
MSP, between angles of mandible, passes through point 3/4 inch anterior to level of EAM, directed through sella turcica
Collimation: 1/2 inch beyond shadow of tip of nose; 1 inch beyond lateral borders
Respiration: suspend
skull SMV (Schuller) evaluation criteria
entire cranium without tilt or rotation
symmetric petrosae
mental protruberance superimposed over anterior frontal bone
mandibular condyles anterior to petrosae
bony details of cranial base and surrounding soft tissues
skull PA axial (Haas)
10x12 lengthwise
forehead and nose touching IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 25 degrees cephalic to OML
MSP, enters 1 1/2 inch below inion, exits approx. 1 1/2 inch superior to nasion
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond skin line of skull
Respiration: suspend
skull PA axial (Haas)
evaluation criteria
entire cranium without rotation or tilt
symmetric petrous pyramids
dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum
bony detail of occipital bone and surrounding soft tissues
skull cross-table lateral (trauma)
pt recumbent; AFTER spinal injury ruled out, align IPL perpendicular to IR & MSP vertical
CR horizontal
Enters point 2 inches above EAM
Collimation 10x12
skull cross-table lateral (trauma)
evaluation criteria
affected side closer to IR shows more detail
with some injuries, air-fluid levels shown in sphenoid sinuses
skull AP axial (trauma) (reverse Caldwell)
pt recumbent
CR 15 degrees cephalic
Enters MSP @ nasion
Collimation: 10x12
skull AP axial (trauma) (reverse Caldwell)
evaluation criteria
anterior cranium
petrous ridges in lower third of magnified orbits
skull AP (trauma)
pt recumbent
CR perpendiuclar to IR
Enters MSP @ nasion
Collimation: 10x12
skull AP (trauma) evaluation criteria
posterior cranium
skull AP axial (trauma) (Towne)
pt recumbent
CR 30 degrees caudal to OML or 37 degrees caudal to IOML
MSP, passes through EAM and exits foramen magnum
skull AP axial (trauma) (Towne)
evaluation criteria
foramen magnum
facial lateral
10x12 lengthwise
MSP parallel with IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR
CR perpendicular
Enters lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and EAM
Collimation: 1/2 inch beyond shadow of tip of nose, superiorly to 1/2 inch above supraorbital margins, inferiorly to gonion, posteriorly to EAM
Respiration: suspend
facial lateral
evaluation criteria
all facial bones in their entirety with zygomatic bone in center
superimposed mandibular rami
superimposed orbital roofs
sella turcica in profile
facial parietoacanthial (Waters)
10x12 lengthwise
tip of chin touching IR, neck extended (OML forms 37 degree angle with IR)
MML perpendicular to IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular
MSP, exits acanthion
Collimation: 1/2 to 1 inch beyond shadows of lateral sides of face, superiorly to include supraorbital margins, inferiorly to level of chin
Respiration: suspend
facial parietoacanthial (Waters) evaluation criteria
entire orbits and facial bones
petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses
