Head Flashcards by SaLyn Otayde-Rimorin

12 Cranial Nerves

I Olfactory (Smell)
II Optic (Sight)
III Oculomotor (Moves eyelid and eyeball and adjusts the pupil and lens of the eye)
IV Trochlear (Moves eyeballs)
V Trigeminal (Facial muscles incl. chewing; Facial sensations)
VI Abducens (Moves eyeballs)
VII Facial (Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)
VIII Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
IX Glossopharyngeal (Swallowing, saliva, taste)
X Vagus (Control of PNS e.g. smooth muscles of GI tract)
XI Accessory (Moving head &amp; shoulders, swallowing)
XII Hypoglossal (Tongue muscles - speech &amp; swallowing)

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Vagal maneuver

Slow conduction through the AV node

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Which organelle is most active aptosis(programmed cell death)? This organelle is also found in large amounts in white blood cells.

Mitochondria

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Which kind of tissue would you expect to find in an area of the body that experiences friction and wear and tear

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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Regulates body temperature- it is associated with drives vital to survival, such as fear, hunger, and reproduction

Hypothalamus

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Relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex

Thalamus

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Locate in the Left Temporal Lobe, what is the Wernicke’s Area?

Involved in comprehension of speech

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Contributes to sense of balance, coordination, and balance

Cerebellum

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What is the Limbic System’s primary function?

Involved in emotional reactions with motivated behavior

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Locate in the Left Frontal Lobe, what is the Broca’s Area?

Controls the ability to talk

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What is the Hippocampus’ primary function?

Involved in the storage of new information in memory

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What is the Cerebrum’s primary function?

In charge of the cognitive process

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What is the Pons’s primary function?

Sleeping, walking, dreaming, ect.

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Where is the vestibular apparatus located

Inner ear

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Are the receptive regions of the neuron.

Dendrites

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The ______ is responsible for cardiorespiratory control.

Brainstem

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Central Nervous System can be divided into 2 main divisions

Brain (Encephalon)

2. Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)

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Specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses.

Neurons (Nerve Cells)

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Each neuron is composed of an ________ and ___________.

Axon, a cell body

One or more dendrites

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Are processed that conduct impluses toward the neuron cell body

Dendrites

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Is a process leading away from the cell body

Axon

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Innermost membranes of meninges which is very thin and highly vascular lies next to the brain and spinal cord. “Tender Mother”

Pia Mater

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Outermost membrane of meninges which means hard or tough mother

Dura Mater

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Between pia mater and dura mater , delicate avascular membrane resembling a spider web

Arachnoid

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Space Between dura and inner table of the skull

Epidural space

Space between dura mater and arachnoid is

Subdural space

Space between arachnoid and pia mater, normally filled with CSF

Subarachnoid space

Brain can be divided into 3 general areas

Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

The forebrain consists primarily of

Cerebrum and involves two smaller portions called thalamus and hypothalamus

The hindbrain consists primarily of

Cerebellum and includes pons and medulla

Combination of midbrain, pons and medulla is termed

Brain stem

Structures called ____ are located inside a cell and have specific functions.

Organelles

Which muscles do you employ when chewing?

Temporalis

Which organ destroys older red blood cells and produces certain white blood cells?

Spleen

Where would you find your islets of Langerhans, responsible for activating insulin production?

Pancreas

The inferior vena cava penetrates the diaphragm at which of the following vertebral levels?

The coccygeal segment of the spinal cord that gives origin to the coccygeal nerve is located approximately at vertebral level:

In a typical thoracic vertebrae the body, pedicles, and lamina form the boundaries of the:

Vertebral foramen

Which of the following muscles inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Illiopsoas

The uncinate process of the pancreas is most intimately related to the:

Superior mesenteric artery

The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles recieve their motor innervation from branches of which nerve, trunk, root, or cord?

Suprascapular nerve

Ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves in the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal are separated from each other bywhat structure?

Dendate ligament

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve courses under which structure in the thorax on its way back to the larynx?

Arch of the aorta

If the superior gluteal nerve were cut, what function of the hip would be most affected?

Abduction

The lesser omentum connects the _________ curvature of the stomach with the __________.

Lesser; liver

The adductor hiatus is the opening in the adductor magnus muscle located at the inferior extent of the adductor canal. Structures passing through the hiatus include what?

Femoral Artery

The erector spinae muscle, which functions primarily in extending the vertebral column and in rotating and laterally flexing the trunk, is composed of three vertical columns of muscles. From lateral to medial these three columns are:

iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis

The inability to extend the elbow joint, wrist joint and fingers is most likely due to injury of the:

Radial nerve in axilla

If you examine a child who has aspirated a peanut with a bronchoscope, you would probably find it lodged in the secondary bronchus of which of the following?

Lower lobe of the left lung

When an individual "slips" an intervertebral disc, the nucleus pulposus herniates outwards to impinge upon spinal nerves. By virtue of its anatomical position, which of the following ligaments would partially protect the spinal cord proper from such a herniated disc?

Posterior Longitudinal

Epiploic appendages, taeniae coli and sacculations can all be found on the:

Transverse Colon

Although the larynx is well protected by the lower jaw, a violent blow to the anteiror neck could fracture some components of the cartilaginous framework of the organ. What laryngeal cartilages is most exposed and prone to fracture if this kind of trauma occurs?

Lamina of thyroid

Part of kidney that filters blood

Glomeruli

The part of the brain in charge of thinking and memory.

Cerebrum

This part of the brain controls coordination and balance.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain in charge of involuntary actions such as breathing, and heartbeat.

Medulla Oblongata

The cell body of a neuron.

Soma

A filament that arises from the neuron cell body and extends for micrometers. A cluster of them forms a tree.

Dendrite

Helping cells of the brain.

Glia

Plasma is about _____ percent water.

Red blood cells transport ______.

Oxygen

White blood cells contain a _______, while red blood cells do not.

Nucleus

Head Flashcards

(62 cards)