head and brain

Question 1

calvaria

Answer 1

means top part of the skull

Question 2

• List the fissures and foramen (there are 4) are found in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 2

superior orbital fissure,
foramen rotundum,
foramen ovale,
foramen spinosum

(in order from superior medial to inferior lateral )

Question 3

Supra-orbital foramen (notch)

Answer 3

found in: frontal bone

Nerve branches:
- supraorbital nerve (branch off the frontal branch of opthalamic division (branch) of CNV (V1)

Supraorbital nerve serves the conjuctiva of the eye, frontal sinus, and skin of forehead

Question 4

optic canal

Answer 4

part of sphenoid bone

CN II - optic nerve passes through

Question 5

superior orbital fissure

Answer 5

found in the sphenoid bone

Nerves within

1. CNIII - oculomotor n
2. CN IV- trochlear n.
3. CN VI - abducens n.
4. branches of opthalmic division V1- of CN V
   - lacrimal n,
   - frontal n.
   - nasociliary n.
5. sympathetic nerve fibers

Arteries/ veins

• no arteries!
• superior and inferior opthalamic veins - eye

Question 6

what structure is served by CN III

Answer 6

• levator palpebrae superioris m.
• inferior oblique m.
• superior rectus m.
• inferior rectus m.
• medial rectus m.

Question 7

what structure is served by CN IV

Answer 7

trochlear nerve serves

- superior oblique muscle moving eye inferior laterally

Question 8

what structure is served by CN VI

Answer 8

abducens serves:

lateral rectus muscle moving eye laterally

Question 9

what does lacrimal nerve serve

Answer 9

lacrimal is branch off of opthalmic division of V1 CN V

it serves

• conjuctiva
• lacrimal gland
• upper eyelid

Question 10

what does frontal nerve serve

Answer 10

frontal nerve is a branch off of opthalmic divison V1- CN V

it serves

• upper eyelid
• skin of forehead
• frontal sinus

Question 11

what does nasociliary n serve

Answer 11

it is a branch off of V1 opthalmic division of CN V

it serves
- nose mucosa and skin of nose

Question 12

inferior orbital fissue

Answer 12

found within the sphenoid, maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones

Nerves within
- zygomatic n.
- infraorbital n.
both = branches of CN V- V2 = maxillary division

Question 13

what does infraorbital nerve serve

Answer 13

infraorbital n. is a branch of V2 of CN V= maxillary division

it serves

• nasal vestibule
• lower eyelid
• upper lip

Question 14

infra orbital foramen

Answer 14

found within maxillary bone

nerves: infraorbital nerve (branch of V2- CN V= maxillary nerve

Arteries/veins

• infraorbital a.
• infraorbital v.
• opthalamic v.

Question 15

mental foramen

Answer 15

found on mandible

nerves:
- inferior alveolar n. (branch of V3 CN V= mandibular divison)

Arteries/veins
- mental a. / mental v.

Question 16

what does inferior alveolar nerve serve

Answer 16

inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V3 of CN V= mandibular branch)

serves
- sensory information from lower teeth and chin

Question 17

foramen lacerum

Answer 17

found in the sphenoid, temporal, occipital bones

nerves:
- deep petrosal n. (branch of facial nerve)

Question 18

deep petrosal nerve versus lesser petrosal nerve

Answer 18

Deep:

• branch of facial nerve
• innervates lacrimal gland
• foramen lacerum

Lesser:

• branch of CN IX= glossopharyngeal n.
• sensory info to partoid gland
• foramen ovale

Question 19

foramen ovale

Answer 19

found in the sphenoid bone

Nerves

• CN V3 (mandibular nerve)
• CN IX - glossopharyngeal - lesser petrosal nerve branch

Question 20

what does CN V3 do

Answer 20

CN V3- mandibular division 
Has several branches
- ariculotemporal n. 
- long buccal n.
- lingual n. 
- inferior alveolar n. 
- masseteric n. 

Innervates:

• Muscles of mastication,
• Tensor veli palatini muscle,
• inside of cheek (sensory),
• anterior 2/3 of tongue (sensory not taste),
• mylohyoid m. and anterior belly of digatric m.
• Sensory information from teeth, chin, lower lip, and scalp

Question 21

External acoustic meatus

Answer 21

found in temporal bone

• nothing comes out

Question 22

carotid canal

Answer 22

found in temporal bone

contains internal carotid artery

Question 23

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 23

found in temporal bone

Nerves
- facial nerve

Facial nerve branches into

• posterior auricular n.
• branch to posterior belly of digastric m.
• temporal
• zygomatic
• buccal
• mandibular
• cervical branches

Serves: muscles of face = facial expression

Question 24

foramen magnum

Answer 24

found in occipital bone

Nerves:
- CN XI= spinal accessory nerve

CNXI innervates SCM, traps

Arteries

• vertebral a.
• posterior and anterior spinal arteries

Question 25

jugular foramen

Answer 25

between temporal and occipital bone Nerves - CN IX - glossopharyngeal - CN X - vagus - CN XI - spinal accessory nerve Veins - superior bulb of the internal jugular vein - inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

Question 26

what does CN IX innervate

Answer 26

``` comes out jugular foramen and foramen ovale innervates: - parotid gland (lesser petrosal n.) - stylopharyngeous m. - carotid sinus - carotid bodies - sensory info of tympanic membrane - upper pharynx - posterior 1/3 of tongue + taste ```

Question 27

CN X innervates what

Answer 27

vagus inneravates - heart - respiratory smooth muscles - abdominal viscera - muscles of larynx

Question 28

olfactory foramina of cribiform plate

Answer 28

found in ethmoid bone Nerves: CN I - olfactory= sensory fibers to nasal cavity

Question 29

foramen rotundum

Answer 29

sphenoid bone Nerves: - V2 branch (maxillary division) of CN V V2 innervates cutaneous sensory info from face, carries parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers

Question 30

foramen spinosum

Answer 30

sphenoid bone Nerves: - meningeal branch of V3- mandibular division of CN V Meningeal branch supplies dura mater Arteries / veins - middle meningeal a/ v

Question 31

internal acoustic meatus

Answer 31

temporal bone Nerves - CN VII - facial - CN VIII - vestibulocochlear facial continues via stylomastoid foramen CN VIII continues via middle ear

Question 32

hypoglossal canal

Answer 32

occipital bone CNXII - hypoglossal nerve moves tongue No veins or arteries

Question 33

frontalis muscle innervated by

Answer 33

temporal branch of CN VII - facial nerve

Question 34

orbicularis oculi innervated by

Answer 34

temporal branch / zygomatic branch of CN VII

Question 35

orbicularis oris innervated by

Answer 35

buccal branch of CN VII

Question 36

levator anguli oris m. innervated by

Answer 36

buccal branch of CN VII

Question 37

buccinator m. innervated by

Answer 37

buccal branch of CN VII

Question 38

zygomaticus major / minor innervated by

Answer 38

buccal branch of CN VII

Question 39

levator labii superioris innervated by

Answer 39

buccal branch of CN VII

Question 40

depressor anguli oris innervated by

Answer 40

marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Question 41

platysma innervated by

Answer 41

marginal cervical branch of CN VII

Question 42

There are 5 vessels forming an anastomizing network supplying the nose identify the vessel from which each listed vessels supplying nose are derived 1. anterior ethmoidal artery 2. posterior ethmoidal artery 3. sphenopalatine artery 4. greater palatine artery 5. septal branch of superior labial artery

Answer 42

1. anterior ethmoidal artery= opthalmic artery 2. posterior ethmoidal artery= opthalmic artery 3. sphenopalatine artery= maxillary artery 4. greater palatine artery= maxillary artery 5. septal branch of superior labial artery= facial artery

Question 43

identify the artery, CN and specific CN branches located in cavernous sinus

Answer 43

- internal carotid a - CN III - CN IV - CN VI - opthalmic n (CN V1) - maxillary n (CN V2)

Question 44

what cranial nerves come off the junction of pons / medulla

Answer 44

CN VI - abducens CN VII - facial CN VIII - vestibulocohclear

Question 45

what CNs come off medulla

Answer 45

CN IX- glossopharyngeal CN X vagus CN XII- hypoglossal

Question 46

what CN comes off pons

Answer 46

CN V

Question 47

what bones make up the orbits of the eye

Answer 47

``` frontal zygomatic maxillae nasal sphenoid ethmoid lacrimal palatine ```

Question 48

what branch of CN innervates cornea

Answer 48

CN V1 -opthalmic nerve