head and neck

Question 1

what are the 8 cranial bones?

Answer 1

ethmoid
frontal
occipital
parietal X2
sphenoid
temporal X2

Question 2

what are the 14 facial bones?

Answer 2

lacrimal X2
maxilla X2
nasal X2
inferior concha X2
palatine X2
vomer
zygoma (malar) X2
mandible

Question 3

what allows bones in the skull to slide over eachother during child birth?

Answer 3

sutures

Question 4

name the 3 cranial sutures?
where are they/shapes?

Answer 4

coronal (front)
sagittal (midline)
lambdoid (at back - shaped like gamma)

Question 5

what is a cranial fontanelle?

Answer 5

soft spot where cranial sutures join

Question 6

what do frontanelles allow?

Answer 6

growth of a Childs brain during first year of development

Question 7

which bones comprise the cranial base?

Answer 7

ethmoid bone
frontal bone
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
temporal bone (petrous)

Question 8

which bone that is part of the cranial base can be described as a butterfly?

Answer 8

sphenoid

Question 9

where and what is the mastoid process?

Answer 9

smooth pyramidal or cone-shaped bone projection at the base of the skull on each side of the head just below and behind the ear in humans

Question 10

what is the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord

Question 11

where are the cardiac and respiratory centres found?

Answer 11

next to foramen magnum

Question 12

where is the zygoma?

Answer 12

down at side of eye and the cheek

Question 13

where is the lacrimal bone?

Answer 13

on inside of eye sockets

Question 14

where is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 14

pterion

Question 15

what artery is located under the pterion?

Answer 15

middle meningeal artery

Question 16

where is the pterion located?

Answer 16

where the sphenoid, parietal and frontal bone meet at side of skull

Question 17

where is the parietal lobe of the skull?

Answer 17

rests near the top and center of the cerebral cortex
- behind the frontal lobe and above the occipital and temporal lobes

Question 18

where is the frontal lobe of the skull?

Answer 18

directly behind forehead

Question 19

where and what is the sphenoid bone of the skull?

Answer 19

unpaired bone
-in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone

Question 20

where is the occipital lobe of the skull?

Answer 20

osterior to the parietal and temporal lobes

Question 21

where is the temporal lobe of the skull?

Answer 21

sit behind the ears

Question 22

what is the smallest and largest lobe of the skull?

Answer 22

smallest = occipital
largest = frontal

Question 23

where are bones pf eye socket?…….

Question 24

what is the thinnest bone in the body?

Answer 24

lacrimal bone

Question 25

where do the oculomotor (CN 3), trochlear (CN 4), trigeminal (CN 10), abducens nerves (CN 6) come into the eye socket?

Answer 25

superior orbital fissure

Question 26

where is the ethmoid bone found?

Answer 26

at the back of the nose

Question 27

what happens to your septal cartilage when snorting cocaine?

Answer 27

blood vessels are killed and it may collapse

Question 28

what side of the body is the arch of the aorta on?

Answer 28

both

Question 29

what is the external carotid artery and what does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 29

several branches supplying the exterior of the head and neck

Question 30

what drains all of your head and neck to the heart?

Answer 30

internal jugular vein

Question 31

what are the branches of the common carotid artery called?

Answer 31

internal and external carotid arteries

Question 32

what artery supplies the brain?

Answer 32

internal carotid artery

Question 33

what artery supplies the head and neck?

Answer 33

external carotid artery

Question 34

what is the small branches of the common carotid artery?

Answer 34

ascending pharyngeal superior thyroid lingual facial occipital posterior auricular superficial temporal maxillary

Question 35

what does the ascending pharyngeal branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 35

pharynx

Question 36

what does the superior thyroid branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 36

thyroid gland

Question 37

what does the lingual branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 37

floor of mouth

Question 38

what does the facial branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 38

?

Question 39

what does the occipital branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 39

back of head/ skin

Question 40

what does the posterior auricular branch of the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 40

behind the ear

Question 41

where does the retromandibular vein come from?

Answer 41

superficial temporal vein

Question 42

what does the internal jugular vein drain?

Answer 42

cerebrum, inside of skull, most of the external structures of head and neck

Question 43

what is the difference between the dura on the left and right side of the skull?

Answer 43

dura and sinuses intact on left side dura has been removed on the right hand side

Question 44

what does cerebrospinal fluid do?

Answer 44

It flows in and around the brain and spinal cord to help cushion them from injury and provide nutrients.

Question 45

what are venous sinuses?

Answer 45

channels of a branching complex sinus network - lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain - functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood

Question 46

where is the danger triangle?

Answer 46

between bridge of nose and corners of mouth - infection can go to brain

Question 47

what does the cavernous sinus drain?

Answer 47

drain the blood from the orbits through the ophthalmic veins and from the anterior part of the base of the brain by the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle cerebral veins

Question 48

what is the emissary vein?

Answer 48

Emissary veins are valveless venous structures that connect the extracranial vessels of the scalp to the intracranial dural venous sinuses and diploic veins.

Question 49

what does the emissary vein increase risk of?

Answer 49

infection travelling straight from scalp into the brain

Question 50

what direction does the brain drain?

Answer 50

towards the back

Question 51

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 51

maxillary mandibular ophthalmic

Question 52

what nerves are most commonly anaesthetised?

Answer 52

maxillary and mandibular

Question 53

what bones are part of the TMJ?

Answer 53

head on mandible, mandibular fossa, articular tubercle

Question 54

what ligaments are part of the TMJ?

Answer 54

sphenomandibular ligament lateral ligament

Question 55

which joint dislocates everytime we use it? what stops it from fully dislocating?

Answer 55

TMJ articular eminence

Question 56

what muscle opens the mouth?

Answer 56

lateral pterygoid muscle

Question 57

how is the mandible formed?

Answer 57

by union in the midline of 2 halves each with a horizontal body and a vertical ramus

Question 58

what part of the mandible forms the TMJ?

Answer 58

condylar process

Question 59

what nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?

Answer 59

inferior alveolar nerve - anaesthetising

Question 60

what is the modified hinge joint in the TMJ?

Answer 60

synovial joint of the condyloid type

Question 61

what divides the cavity of the capsule into superior and inferior compartments?

Answer 61

fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 62

what shape is the disc that is present in the capsule of the TMJ?

Answer 62

concave undersurface and concave-convex upper surface

Question 63

what is the blood supply of the TMJ?

Answer 63

external carotid artery - superficial temporal and maxillary branches

Question 64

what is the nerve supply of the TMJ?

Answer 64

auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves which are both derived from trigeminal nerve

Question 65

what is the only muscle of mastication the open the mouth?

Answer 65

lateral pterygoid

Question 66

where does the medial pterygoid arise from?

Answer 66

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 67

what does the medial pterygoid insert?

Answer 67

onto the medial surface of the angle of the mandible and ramus

Question 68

what does the medial pterygoid muscle do?

Answer 68

elevates and protrudes the mandible.

Question 69

where does the lateral pterygoid arise from?

Answer 69

infra temporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 70

where does the lateral pterygoid insert?

Answer 70

into neck of the mandible at the fovea and to the capsule and the intra-capsular disc

Question 71

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 71

dresses and protrudes the mandible